Okongoletsedwa osungunuka

Eiheel chitsulo cha zitsulo zomangika zoimira zonunkhira za ukadaulo waukadaulo ndi masomphenya omanga. Zomanga zakale izi sizongonamizira zomangamanga komanso zimayimiranso chuma komanso kukula kwa mathithi.

Ma skiscram ojambula ojambula ndi zomangamanga zomwe zayamba kufotokozera zam'mphepete mwa mathiramu padziko lonse lapansi. Zolinga zakale izi, makamaka zimapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito chitsulo choyambirira, kuyimira chikhomo cha ntchito ndi zopanga zomangamanga. Nayi mawu oyamba a skips otenthetsera osalala, akuwunikira mawonekedwe awo ofunikira.

1. Zinthu zakuthupi

Zitsulo zodziwika bwino chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake kwamphamvu kwambiri, zomwe zimalola kuti chilengedwe chikhale chopepuka koma champhamvu cholimbikitsidwa chotha kuchilikiza katundu wambiri ndi kutalika kwake.

Chowunikira cha zitsulo komanso kusinthasintha kumathandizanso kupanga mapangidwe opangidwa ndi zovuta kwambiri, othandizira opanga masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi akatswiri kukankhira malire azomwe zingatheke pomanga kwambiri.

2. Mbiri yakale

Wodziwika bwino wotchuka ndi nyumba ya inshuwaransi yakunyumba ku Chicago, omwe adalizidwa mu 1884. Kadambo zokhala ndi nkhani zonsezi zidagwiritsa ntchito mafelemu a chitsulo monga thandizo lalikulu komanso lovuta kwambiri.

Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, ma skieder osachikika asintha ndikukula kukula ndi zovuta, kukhala chizindikiro cha kutukuka kwachuma ndi kukula kwa matauni.

3. Njira yomanga

Mafelemu achitsulo nthawi zambiri amakhala ophatikizidwa m'mafakitale, komwe amadulidwa, kuwotwera, ndikusonkhana m'magawo kapena pansi. Njira yofananira iyi imachepetsa nthawi yomanga pamalowa ndikuwongolera bwino.

Kamodzi adalizidwa, mafelemu achitsulo amatengedwa kupita kumalo omangawo ndikusonkhana pogwiritsa ntchito ma cranes ndi zida zina zolemera. Zithunzi zimapereka kapangidwe kake kanyumba, pomwe zida zina monga konkriti, magalasi, ndipo matalala amawonjezedwa kuti amalize kunja.

4. Ubwino

Ma skiscrate ophika ang'onoawiri amatha kukwaniritsa mita yayitali chifukwa cha mphamvu ndi kukhazikika kwa chitsulo. Izi zimathandiza kuti pakhale nyumba zomwe zimakhala zochititsa chidwi komanso zothandiza.

Chowunikira cha zitsulo komanso kusinthasintha kumathandizanso kusinthasintha kwa mapangidwe, kupangitsa mapulomani olimbikitsa kuti apangitse zinthu zapadera komanso zatsopano zomwe zimakwaniritsa zokongoletsa ndi zokongoletsa.

Zitsulo ndizonso zobwezerezedwanso, kupanga mafuta osalala ambiri ambiri kukhala ochezeka komanso okhazikika.

5. Kumaliza

Ma skiscram ophika osalala ndi gawo limodzi lofunika kwambiri pamatauni amakono, kuyimira kutalika kwa luso lakale ndi zomangamanga. Kutha kwawo kukwaniritsa malo okwera kwambiri pamene kukhalabe ndi chidwi cha umphumphu ndi chidwi chawapangitsa kukhala chizindikiro cha kupita patsogolo ndi chitukuko. Monga ukadaulo ukupitilizabe, titha kuyembekeza kuwona zojambula zopatsa chidwi kwambiri zomwe zikuchitika mtsogolo.

Mabatani amakono amakhalidwe omwe ali ndi zilembo zingapo

Zachidziwikire, nayi mwatsatanetsatane ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a skimpker osalala:

Zosakaniza zoweta zoweta:

1. Zopangidwa:

● Zinthu zoyambirira: zitsulo ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma skix oves. Amasankhidwa chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zapadera komanso kulimba.

● Mapangidwe a chimango: chimango chachitsulo chimakhala ndi mitengo, mzati, ndi mabwinja omwe amalumikizidwa kuti apange chokhwima komanso chokhazikika. Kapangidwe kameneka kamalola kumanga nyumba zazitali komanso zophweka.

2. Njira yomanga:

● Kuyerekezera: mafelemu achitsulo nthawi zambiri amasungidwa m'mafakitale ogwiritsa ntchito njira zapamwamba. Izi zimatsimikizira kulondola komanso mtundu wa zinthu zomwe zimaperekedwa ku malo omanga.

● Msonkhano: Patsambali, zigawo zoyambirira zimasonkhana pogwiritsa ntchito cranes ndi zida zina zolemera. Mafelemu amasulidwa, ndipo pansi pake amawonjezeredwa pamene nyumbayo imakwera.

3. Zabwino:

● Mphamvu: Zitsulo zimakhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu, ndikulola kuti ichotse katundu wolemera komanso nyengo yovuta kwambiri. Izi zimapanga zophika zitsulo zokhala ndi nyumba zokhala ndi nyumba zokwera kwambiri.

● Kukhazikika: Zitsulo zimakhala zolimba kwambiri ndipo zimatha kwa zaka zambiri ndikukonza moyenera.

● Kupanga kusinthana: kutsimikiza kwa chitsulo kumapangitsa kuti chilengedwe cha zisumbu.

● Zachilengedwe: Zitsulo ndi zolembedwa zolembedwa, kuchepetsa mphamvu zachilengedwe za skiyscraper ndi kugwedezeka.

4.. Manambala ndi chidziwitso:

● Mphamvu: Zitsulo zimakhala ndi mphamvu yovuta kuyambira 400 mpaka 700 MPA (megasicascals), kuloleza kuthandizira katundu wambiri.

● Kukhazikika: Nyumba zoyesedwa bwino, nyumba zotsekemera zokhala ndi chitsulo zimatha kukhala zaka zopitilira 100.

● Kulemera: mafelemu achitsulo amakhala opepuka kuposa mafelemu okhazikika, kuchepetsa kulemera konse kwa nyumbayo ndi kufunika kwa maziko akuya.

5. Kupita patsogolo kwaposachedwa:

● Kupita patsogolo kwaposachedwa mu ukadaulo ndi ukadaulo kwapangitsa kuti zinthu zilengedwe zikhale zovuta kwambiri komanso zatsopano.

● Ntchito zopangidwa molimbika: Mazenera ambiri ophika zitsulo amapangidwa kuti azikhala ndi mphamvu zothandizira komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosakhazikika komanso matekinoloje.

Mwachidule, ma skieel ophika achitsulo amapereka zabwino zambiri, kuphatikizapo mphamvu zazikulu, kukhazikika, kupanga kusinthasintha, ndi kukhazikika kwachilengedwe. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira maluso ndi zinthu zosakhazikika kumatsimikizira kuti nyumbazi sikomveka mwamphamvu komanso yodalirika.

Nawa mafunso asanu omwe nthawi zambiri amafunsidwa (FAQ) ya ma skiesting skiws:

1.Kodi maubwino ndi ogwiritsa ntchito mafelemu a chitsulo ndi chiyani?

Yankho:

● Mphamvu ndi kukhazikika: mafelemu achitsulo amapereka mphamvu zapamwamba ndi kulimba, kulola ma skiscraper kuti apirire nyengo yolimba komanso zochitika zoyipa.

● Kusinthasintha pamapangidwe: Kusautsa kwa chitsulo kumapangitsa kuti chilengedwe cha zisudzo zizikhala zokongola komanso zatsopano.

● Zosavuta zomanga: Zigawo zoyesedwa zitsulo zitha kusonkhanitsidwa mwachangu komanso moyenera pamalo opangira, nthawi yoyendetsa yomanga.

● Kukhazikika kwa chilengedwe: zitsulo ndi zinthu zobwezeretsa zolembedwa, kuchepetsa mphamvu zachilengedwe za skiyscraper.

FAQ 2: Kodi Zitsulo Zotsekeredwa Bwanji

2. Kodi mabowo ojambula owoneka bwino amafanana bwanji ndi ma skiysrappers a konkriti?

Yankho:

● Mafelemu achitsulo nthawi zambiri amakhala opepuka kuposa mafelemu a konkriti, kuchepetsa kulemera konse kwa nyumbayo. Izi zitha kutanthauzira kuti zisungidwe ndalama muzomanga.

● Mafelemu achitsulo amalola ntchito yomanga patsogolo poyerekeza ndi konkriti, monga zigawo zophatikizika zimatha kusonkhanitsidwa mwachangu.

● Komabe, mafelemu a konkriti amapereka moto wotsutsana ndi moto kuposa mafelemu a chitsulo.

3.Kodi zovuta zokhudzana ndi kupanga zitsulo zosewerera ndi ziti?

Yankho:

● Chitetezo cha moto ndi chovuta kwambiri kwa ma skincy opanga zitsulo. Zitsulo zimataya mphamvu ikamawonekera kutentha kwambiri, kotero zokutira zapadera zotsutsana ndi moto ndi njira zopangira.

● Kuwonongedwanso ndi vuto linanso, monga chitsulo chimakhala chopota kwa nthawi. Kukonza bwino ndi zokutira kumafunikira kuti mupewe kututa.

● Mtengo wa chitsulo umasinthasintha kwambiri, ndikukhudza mtengo wonse womanga skyscraper.

4.Kodi ma skiveccrape achitsulo omenyedwa amathandizira kuchita zinthu zokhazikika?

Yankho:

● Zitsulo zobwezeretsanso zobwezeretsazikulu, kupanga zophika zitsulo zina zachilengedwe pakumanga ndi kuwononga.

●

● Zinthu zitsulo zokhazikitsidwa zimatha kuchepetsa kuwononga masamba omanga.

5. Kodi ndi zitsanzo zina ziti za ma skiyscrate otchuka?

Yankho:

● Kumanga boma la Kinglow City, USA, ndi chitsanzo chodziwika bwino cha skyscraper yachitsulo. Zamalizidwa mu 1931, imayima pa nkhani za 102 zamtali.

● Nsanja ya Wissis (yomwe inali sears torse) ku Chicago, USA, ndi zitsulo zina zopangidwa ndi zitsulo. Unali nyumba yayitali kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi kwa zaka zopitilira 20 atamaliza mu 1973.

● Burj Khalifa ku Dubai, Uae, ndiye nyumba yayitali kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, yokhala ndi chitsulo chokhazikika. Imayimirira pakhomo 163 ndi mamita opitilira 828.