Chitsulo chotchinga chotchinga moto chimagawidwa m'magulu ati

1. Njira yomanga ❖ kuyanika kwa moto

A. Njira yokolopa B. Njira yokutira zodzigudubuza C. Njira yotsuka D. Njira yopoperapo makina opopera mpweya E. Njira yopopera mankhwala opanda mpweya

1, njira yoyamba yomangira ndiyo njira yodziwika bwino yopukutira: yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri monga scraper ya fiberglass, scraper ya nyanga, scraper ya pulasitiki, pepala lolimba la mphira ndi zida zina zachitsulo kapena zopanda zitsulo zopangira manja, zidzakhala pamwamba pa chinthucho. zokutira zotchinga zotchingira moto kapena ming'alu ndi zina zochulukirapo pakupakula.

2, njira yachiwiri yomangira ndi njira yokutira yodzigudubuza: njira yokutira yodzigudubuza nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga khoma, mu chogudubuza pamwamba pa utoto wa phala, kenako ndikugudubuzika pakhoma.

3, njira yachitatu yomanga ndi njira yokutira burashi: njira yokutira burashi sikugwira ntchito pomanga khoma, mawonekedwe ena aliwonse amtundu wa chinthu amatha kugwira ntchito, zokutira zotchingira moto zambiri zitha kumangidwa motere.

4, njira yachinayi yomangirira ndi njira yopopera mankhwala kwa mpweya: kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wa compressor pressurisation ndi mfuti yopopera idzapopera pamwamba pa chinthucho pambuyo pa atomisation ya utoto, ❖ kuyanika khalidwe pambuyo kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi yunifolomu, kupanga bwino. ndi mkulu kwambiri. 5, njira yachinayi yomanga ndi kupopera mbewu popanda mpweya: kugwiritsa ntchito mapampu a plunger, mapampu a diaphragm ndi mitundu ina ya mapampu oponderezedwa adzapanikizidwa ndi utoto wamadzimadzi, kenako kudzera papaipi yopopera kwambiri kupita kumfuti yopanda mpweya, ndipo pamapeto pake mphuno yopanda mpweya kuti itulutse kuthamanga kwa hydraulic, atomisation yomweyo, ndiyeno chophimba choteteza moto chingagwiritsidwe ntchito motere. Kuthamanga kwa hydraulic, atomisation yanthawi yomweyo imapopera pamwamba pa chinthu chokutidwa kuti apange wosanjikiza.

Chitsulo chopangidwa ndi zitsulo ndi chimodzi mwa mitundu ikuluikulu ya zomangamanga. Kapangidwe kameneka kamapangidwa ndi matabwa, mizati yachitsulo, zitsulo zachitsulo ndi zigawo zina zopangidwa ndi mbiri yachitsulo ndi mbale zachitsulo, ndi zina zotero, ndipo zimatengera kuchotsa dzimbiri ndi njira zotsutsana ndi zowonongeka monga silanisation, phosphating koyera manganese, kutsuka ndi kuyanika, ndi galvanisation. Ma welds, ma bolts kapena rivets nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza zigawo kapena magawo. Chifukwa cha kulemera kwake kopepuka komanso kumangidwa kosavuta, kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale akuluakulu, mabwalo amasewera, apamwamba kwambiri ndi madera ena.

(1) Iwo akhoza kugawidwa mu zosungunulira ofotokoza zitsulo kapangidwe ❖ kuyanika moto ndi madzi ofotokoza zitsulo kapangidwe ndi moto ❖ kuyanika malingana ndi mtundu wa binder. Zosungunulira zochokera kuzitsulo zopangira moto zimatha kugawidwa kukhala zosungunulira zokhala ndi zitsulo zotchingira moto zomwe zili ndi benzene otsika komanso zosungunulira zokhala ndi zitsulo zoteteza moto zomwe zili ndi benzene.

(2) Malinga ndi malo ntchito, akhoza kugawidwa mu: m'nyumba (N) zitsulo kapangidwe ❖ kuyanika moto: ntchito pamwamba zitsulo kapangidwe m'nyumba kapena zobisika ntchito nyumba; Panja (W) chitsulo chotchinga chotchinga moto: chogwiritsidwa ntchito pamwamba pa chitsulo chapanja kapena panja pomanga nyumba.

(3) Malinga makulidwe ntchito, akhoza kugawidwa mu: kopitilira muyeso-woonda mtundu (CB) zitsulo kapangidwe ≤3mm ≤3mm; woonda mtundu (B) zitsulo kapangidwe ❖ kuyanika moto: ❖ kuyanika makulidwe a 3mm-7mm; mtundu wandiweyani (H) zitsulo kapangidwe ❖ kuyanika moto: wosanjikiza makulidwe a 8-50mm.

Zowonjezereka

Ndi chitukuko cha sikelo m'matauni China, ntchito kapangidwe zitsulo mu makampani yomanga China ali ndi chiyembekezo yotakata. Komabe, popeza chitsulo chokhacho sichingawotchedwe, nkhani ya chitetezo cha moto ndi kutentha kwazitsulo zazitsulo zinanyalanyazidwa. Malinga ndi malipoti apanyumba ndi apadziko lonse lapansi komanso mayeso ndi ziwerengero zochokera ku mabungwe oyenerera, kukana moto kwa nyumba zachitsulo kumakhala kocheperako kuposa zomanga ndi zomangira zolimba za konkriti.

The makina mphamvu zitsulo amachepetsa ndi kuwonjezeka kutentha, ndi mphamvu yake amachepetsa kwa 40% -50% pafupifupi 500 ℃, ndi katundu makina zitsulo, monga zokolola mfundo, compressive mphamvu, modulus wa elasticity, ndi katundu mphamvu, etc., kuchepa mofulumira, ndipo posakhalitsa kutaya mphamvu zothandizira nyumbayo, zomwe zimayambitsa kugwa kwa nyumbayo. Choncho, ndikofunika kuteteza dongosolo lachitsulo.

Chitsulo chotchinga ndi moto chimatsukidwa kapena kupopera pamwamba pa chitsulo, chomwe chimagwira ntchito yotetezera moto ndi kutsekemera kutentha, chimalepheretsa chitsulo kutentha kwambiri ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yake pamoto, ndikupewa chitsulo kuti chitha kutaya mphamvu zake komanso zomwe zidapangitsa kuti nyumbayo igwe.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1970, kafukufuku wakunja ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zotchingira moto zayamba kugwira ntchito mwakhama ndipo zikuyenda bwino, ndipo akadali okwera.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 80, zitsulo zakunja zotchinga moto zidalowa mumsika waku China ndipo zidagwiritsidwa ntchito pantchitoyi. Kuyambira koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 80, China idayambanso kupanga zokutira zotchingira moto, mpaka pano pali mitundu yambiri yabwino yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana.

2.Thin-mtundu zitsulo kapangidwe ❖ kuyanika moto

Woonda mtundu zitsulo dongosolo ❖ kuyanika moto amatanthauza zitsulo dongosolo ❖ kuyanika moto ndi ❖ kuyanika makulidwe aakulu kuposa 3mm, zosakwana kapena wofanana 7mm, ndi zina kukongoletsa kwenikweni, kukulitsa ndi thickening pa kutentha, ndi moto kukana malire mkati 2h. Mtundu woterewu wazitsulo zotchingira moto nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi ma polima oyenera opangidwa ndi madzi monga maziko ake, kenako amafananizidwa ndi makina osakanikirana ndi moto, zowonjezera zamoto, ulusi wosagwira moto, ndi zina zambiri, ndipo mfundo yake yoletsa moto ndi yofanana ndi imeneyo. wa mtundu wowonda kwambiri. Kwa mtundu uwu wa zokutira zosayaka moto, polima yosankhidwa ndi madzi iyenera kukhala yomatira bwino, yolimba komanso yokana madzi kugawo lachitsulo. Katundu wake wokongoletsera ndi wabwino kuposa zokutira zotchinga ndi moto, zotsika kuposa zitsulo zowonda kwambiri zotchingira moto, ndipo malire oletsa moto ali mkati mwa 2h. Choncho, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito muzitsulo zazitsulo zotetezera moto ndi malire oletsa moto osakwana 2h, ndipo nthawi zambiri amatenga kupopera mankhwala. Imakhala ndi gawo lalikulu pakapita nthawi, koma ndikuwoneka ngati zitsulo zowonda kwambiri zotchingira moto, gawo lake la msika limasinthidwa pang'onopang'ono.

3.Thick zitsulo kapangidwe ❖ kuyanika moto

Chitsulo cholimba chachitsulo chotchinga moto chimatanthawuza chitsulo chosagwira moto chotchinga chokhala ndi makulidwe a 7mm, osakwana kapena ofanana ndi 45mm, granular pamwamba, kachulukidwe kakang'ono, kutsika kwamafuta, komanso malire osagwira moto opitilira 2h. Monga zigawo za zokutira wandiweyani moto ndi zambiri inorganic zipangizo, ntchito yake yosawotcha moto ndi khola ndi ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali bwino, koma tinthu tating'onoting'ono ❖ kuyanika zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi maonekedwe ❖ kuyanika ndi wosagwirizana, zomwe zimakhudza aesthetics wonse wa nyumbayi, choncho imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga ma projekiti obisala. Mtundu uwu wa ❖ kuyanika moto pamoto ntchito zinthu granular pamwamba, zochepa kachulukidwe, otsika matenthedwe madutsidwe kapena kutentha mayamwidwe zinthu ❖ kuyanika, kuchedwa kutentha kukwera kwa chitsulo kuteteza chitsulo. Mtundu uwu wa ❖ kuyanika moto ndi oyenera inorganic binder (monga galasi madzi, silika sol, zotayidwa mankwala, refractory simenti, etc.), ndiyeno ndi inorganic lightweight adiabatic aggregate zipangizo (monga kukod perlite, kukod vermiculite, nyanja hugger, bleached. mikanda, phulusa la ntchentche, ndi zina zotero), zowonjezera moto, mankhwala ndi zipangizo zowonjezeretsa (monga aluminiyamu silicate ulusi, ubweya wa miyala, ulusi wa ceramic, ulusi wagalasi, etc.) ubwino wa mtengo wotsika. Kumangako nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsa ntchito kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, komwe kuli koyenera kwazitsulo zobisika zamkati ndi zakunja zokhala ndi malire oletsa moto pamwamba pa 2h, mawonekedwe apamwamba azitsulo zonse ndi zitsulo zamitundu yambiri. Mwachitsanzo, malire oletsa moto wa mizati ya nyumba zapamwamba za anthu okhala ndi zipilala zothandizira nyumba zambiri zokhala ndi nyumba zambiri zamafakitale ndi anthu wamba ziyenera kufika 3h, ndipo ziyenera kutetezedwa ndi zokutira zothina ndi moto. ku chitsulo chotchinga moto ❖ kuyanika ndi ❖ kuyanika makulidwe a 3mm (kuphatikiza 3mm) kapena kuchepera, ndi zotsatira zabwino kukongoletsa, kukulitsa ndi thovu pa kutentha kwambiri, ndi ndi moto kukana malire a 2h kapena zochepa. Mtundu woterewu wazitsulo zotchingira moto nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosungunulira, zokhala ndi mphamvu zomatira zapamwamba, kukana kwanyengo komanso kukana madzi, kusanja bwino, kukongoletsa bwino; ikakhala pamoto, imakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo imatulutsa thovu kuti ikhale yowuma komanso yolimba yoteteza kutentha kwa moto, yomwe imakhala ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi moto, imachepetsa kutentha kwa chitsulo, ndikuteteza zigawo zazitsulo bwino. Kupanga kwazitsulo zowonda kwambiri zokhala ndi zitsulo zopindika ndi moto zimatha kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, kupaka utoto kapena zokutira, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazoletsa zosagwira moto mkati mwa 2h pamapangidwe achitsulo. Pali mitundu yatsopano ya zitsulo zoonda kwambiri zotchingira moto zotchingira moto zomwe zimafika kapena kupitilira 2h, zomwe zimatengera kapangidwe kapadera ka polymethacrylate kapena utomoni wa epoxy ndi utomoni wa amino, sera ya parafini, etc. ndi mkulu polyphosphoric asidi ammonium mchere, dipentaerythritol, melamine ndi zina zotero monga fireproofing ndi malawi dongosolo retardant, kuwonjezera titaniyamu woipa, wollastonite ndi zina inorganic refractory zipangizo 200 # zosungunulira mafuta monga zosungunulira gulu. Mafuta osungunula amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zosungunulira. Mitundu yonse ya kapangidwe kazitsulo zopepuka, chimango chaukonde ndi zina zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito ❖ kuyanika kwamoto kwachitetezo chamoto. Chifukwa cha zokutira zowonda kwambiri za mtundu uwu wa zokutira zosayaka moto, kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zolimba komanso zowonda kwambiri zotchingira moto zimachepetsedwa kwambiri, motero kumachepetsa mtengo wonse wa polojekitiyo, komanso kupanga kapangidwe kachitsulo kamene kamakhala kotetezedwa ndi moto, ndi mphamvu yamoto ndi yabwino kwambiri.