Ndi mitundu yotani yolumikizira zitsulo?

Malumikizidwe ndi zinthu zomangika zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana ndi mamembala osiyanasiyana a chimango chachitsulo. Kapangidwe ka Zitsulo ndi gulu la mamembala osiyanasiyana monga "Beams, Columns" omwe amalumikizana wina ndi mnzake, nthawi zambiri pazitsulo zomata za mamembala kuti ziwonetse gulu limodzi.

Zigawo za mgwirizano

Maboti
Weld
Kulumikiza mbale
Kugwirizanitsa Angles

Zogwirizana muzitsulo zazitsulo

· Zolumikizana Zogwirizana

Kodi mudawonapo milatho, masitima apamtunda, ma boiler, ndege, kapena zida zazikulu zomwe zimalumikizana ndi batani lofanana ndi mabatani? Chabwino, batani limenelo limatchedwa Rivet. Malunjidwe ophatikizika ndi mtundu wamakina omangira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza zidutswa ziwiri kapena zingapo palimodzi. Amakhala ndi ma rivets angapo, omwe amalowetsedwa kudzera m'mabowo azinthuzo kenako amapunduka kapena "kuyika" m'malo kuti apange mgwirizano wotetezeka.

Riveti ndi ndodo yozungulira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza zida ziwiri zachitsulo monga zolumikizira zomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera kuzitsulo zofewa kapena zamkuwa zimakhala zamphamvu kuposa zolumikizira zowotcherera ndipo zimalumikizana mwachangu.

Chithunzi 1: Kapangidwe ka Rivet

M'mawu osavuta, cholumikizira cholumikizira ndi mtundu wokhazikika wa chomangira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza mbale zachitsulo kapena zigawo zachitsulo zopindika pamodzi. Malumikizidwewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzinthu zachitsulo kapena zomangamanga monga milatho, ma trusses apadenga, ndi zotengera zokakamiza monga matanki osungira & ma boilers.

· Zolumikizana zotsekedwa

Mgwirizano wa bolt ndi m'gulu la zolumikizira zodziwika bwino. Ndiwo njira zazikulu zosinthira katundu muzinthu zamakina. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za cholumikizira cha bawuti ndi chomangira cha ulusi ndi nati chomwe chimalepheretsa kumasula bawuti.

Zolumikizira zomangika zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga ndi kupanga makina ngati njira yolumikizira zida pamodzi. Cholumikizira chamtunduwu chimakhala ndi cholumikizira chachimuna, monga bawuti, ndi ulusi wofananira wa zomangira wamkazi womwe umatchingira mbali zina. Zolumikizana zolumikizirana ndi kukameta ubweya ndizo mitundu iwiri yayikulu yamapangidwe olumikizirana ma bolts. Ngakhale njira zina zolumikizirana, kuphatikiza kuwotcherera, zomatira, zomatira, zokometsera zosindikizira, zikhomo, ndi makiyi, ndizofala, zolumikizira zomata zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi kulumikiza zida ndikupanga zida zamakina. Kwenikweni, cholumikizira cha bolt ndi kuphatikiza chomangira ndi nati, chokhala ndi bawuti yayitali ndi mtedza kukhala chitsanzo.

Malunjidwe Omangika amatanthauzidwa ngati zolumikizira zolekanitsidwa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kugwirizanitsa zida zamakina pogwiritsa ntchito ulusi wa ulusi, mwachitsanzo, bawuti ndi nati. Popeza kuti maulumikizidwewa ndi amitundu yosagwirizana, mamembala amatha kupatulidwa kuti asamalidwe, ayang'anitsidwe, ndikusinthanso popanda kuwononga zigawo zake.

Magulu Obowoledwa ndi apamwamba kwambiri kuposa ma welds ndi ma rivets, omwe amawononga zigawo zikuluzikulu zikatha. Mapulogalamuwa amaphatikizapo kuphatikiza magawo awiri omwe amafunikira kupatulidwa nthawi ndi nthawi.

Zolumikizira zomangika zimapangidwa makamaka ndi magawo awiri. Ndi kuphatikiza kwa chomangira ndi mtedza. Amakhala ndi bawuti yayitali yokhala ndi nati. Bawutiyo imalowetsedwa mu dzenje lobowoledwa kale m'zigawozo, ndipo mtedzawo umangiriridwa pa ulusi wokwerera wa bawuti. Kulumikizana kwa bolt ndi mawu ophatikizana a bawuti ndi nati.

Ulusi umapangidwa popanga helical groove kunja kwa shaft yozungulira kapena dzenje. Pali malo osiyanasiyana ogwiritsira ntchito komanso ntchito zolumikizira zomangirira. Pali miyeso yokhazikika yamitundu yonseyi. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti zolumikizira zomangika zimasinthana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Chithunzi 1: Chithunzi cha Bolted Joint

· Malumikizidwe a welded

MITUNDU YA ZOLUMIKIZANA WOYERETSA

Mitundu yoyambira yazitsulo zowotcherera zimatha kugawidwa malinga ndi mitundu ya welds, malo a welds ndi mtundu wa olowa.

1. Kutengera mtundu wa weld

Kutengera mtundu wa weld, zowotcherera zimatha kugawidwa kukhala fillet weld, groove weld (kapena butt weld), plug weld, slot weld, spot weld etc. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya welds ikuwonetsedwa Chithunzi 15.

1.1. Groove welds (matako welds)

Groove welds (butt welds) ndi fillet welds amaperekedwa pamene mamembala oti alowe nawo ali pamzere. Groove welds ndi okwera mtengo chifukwa amafunikira kukonzekera m'mbali. Groove welds angagwiritsidwe ntchito motetezeka mwa mamembala omwe ali ndi nkhawa kwambiri. Ma welds a square butt amaperekedwa mpaka kukhuthala kwa mbale 8mm kokha. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma welds a matako akuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 16.

1.2. Fillet welds

Fillet welds amaperekedwa pamene mamembala awiri kuti agwirizane ali mu ndege zosiyana. Popeza izi zimachitika pafupipafupi, kuwotcherera kwa fillet kumakhala kofala kuposa matako. Fillet welds ndizosavuta kupanga chifukwa zimafunikira kukonzekera pang'ono. Komabe, iwo sali amphamvu monga momwe amawotchera groove ndipo amayambitsa kupsinjika. Ma welds a fillet amakondedwa m'mamembala opanikizika pang'ono pomwe kuuma m'malo molimba kumawongolera kapangidwe kake. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma welds a fillet ikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 17.

1.3. Slot ndi pulagi welds

Slot ndi mapulagi welds amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonjezera fillet welds komwe kutalika kofunikira kwa fillet weld sikungapezeke.

2. Kutengera udindo wa weld

Kutengera momwe weld alili, ma weld amatha kugawidwa kukhala weld, yopingasa, yowotcherera, yowotcherera, yowotcherera, pamwamba bwino etc.

Zotengera mtundu wa olowa

Kutengera mtundu wa ma welds, ma welds amatha kugawidwa kukhala ma weld welded, ma weld welded, ma weld welded ndi ma weld welds.