Kusanthula kwa msika wogulitsa

Tanthauzo ndi gulu la mawonekedwe achitsulo

Kapangidwe chitsulo ndi mtundu wa kapangidwe kazinthu zachitsulo, zigawo zachitsulo, zipilala zachitsulo, zingwe zitsulo, zingwe zitsulo, zolumikizidwa ndi ma balts kapena ma rolts. Poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina yolumikizidwa monga konkriti yolimbikitsidwa, zomangamanga zina, zitsulo zosaphika zokha zamphamvu kwambiri, kulemera, kulimba kwa chipilala, nthawi yayifupi ya mafakitale. Monga zinthu zochepa monga simenti, mchenga ndi miyala yoyambitsidwa ndi chilengedwe monga fumbi, zinyalala zomanga zimachepetsedwa kwambiri, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi zofuna za chitukuko.

Monga imodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri zopangira, kapangidwe kachitsulo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'nyumba yomanga nyumba, makina, mphamvu, malo opangira mabizinesi ndi mafakitale ena. Palibe muyeso wofanana ndi mawonekedwe a chitsulo, ndipo itha kugawidwa m'magulu a chitsulo (chosindikizidwa chosindikizira cha zitsulo) kapangidwe kake ndi chitsulo cham'madzi, zolemetsa zowoneka bwino, zolemetsa Kapangidwe ka chitsulo (nyumba yowoneka bwino, nyumba yopepuka, etc.), kapangidwe kake ndi chitsulo, malo achitsulo, malo achitsulo, etc.

1. Msika wachitsulo

Kapangidwe chitsulo chachitsulo ndi nthambi yofunika kwambiri yamakampani opanga zida zopangira zida, ndipo liwiro la zitsulo zokhudzana ndi zida zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi liwiro la mafakitale. Makina pazida pali mitundu yambiri komanso mapulogalamu, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka nyumba zapadera, zida zapadera ndi nsanja za boaler (zida zapadera, zida zamagetsi) mu gawo la mafakitale.

Kukula kwa mtundu wa mafakitale wowonjezera ndi khola, ndipo akuyembekezeredwa kuti msika wamtsogolo ukhale ndi malo okhazikika, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zachitsulo kumayenera kupitiliza kukula pomwe mawonekedwe a zitsulo amapitilirabe. Ndi kukulitsa kwa kuchuluka kwa mafakitale omwe ali ndi "zomangamanga zatsopano", kumanga magetsi owonjezera apamwamba ndi 5G maziko a station okhudzana ndi chitsulo chomwe chingabweretsere kuchuluka kwa makampani opanga zitsulo. Pakatikati pa nthawi yayitali, njira yabwino idatsegulira malo akulu, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zokulirapo kumatha kuyika nthawi yayitali. Kuchokera pazomwe zili zofunikira, mbali imodzi, mbali ya kubwezeretsanso kwa malo ndi capital, pakufunira mbali ya njira ya dziko lapansi yotsimikizira.

2. Kupanga msika wolemera

Tsiku lomaliza la chaka cha 2018, panali nyumba zokwera kwambiri zoposa 250M pomangidwa ku China. Nyumba zokwera kwambiri pomanga zidakhazikika mu 250 ~ 300m ndi 300 ~ 400m, nyumba zapamwamba kwambiri kuposa 500m pomanga. Zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nyumba zapamwamba zimakhala ngati chitsulo chosakanikirana, nyumba zonse ziwiri (75%), ndipo pali chitsulo choyera kuposa 250 m, kuwerengera pafupifupi 6%.

M'mayiko akunja, maakaunti achitsulo oposa 85% ya nyumba zoposa 200 m. United States ndi Japan ndi mayiko omwe amatengera nyumba zokhala ndi chitsulo kwambiri. Kumanga kwanu kwa ku China kumakhalabe malo ena (chifukwa cha chitukuko cha mayiko ena mdziko lapansi, pambuyo pa Capita GDPArs US Madola A US ndi Zaka 10%, pazaka 10 mpaka 15 M'nthawi ya 14 ya zaka zisanu

3. Kumanga msika wowoneka bwino

Kupanga mawonekedwe achitsulo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'malo opangira mafakitale, okhalamo zitsulo ndi zina zotero. Kuthamanga kwa chitukuko cha nyumba zomera za mafakitale kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa mafakitale. Kukula kwachuma kwa China kwa China kwakhazikika, kukula kwa vutoli motsimikiza, kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo m'munda kwa chomera cha mafakitale kumachitika.

Pankhani ya nyumba yachitsulo, dziko lathu lili kutali ndi mayiko omwe atukuka. Dokotala wocheperako wachilendo wakhala okhwima kwambiri, ku United States, ku Japan, ku Australia ndi mayiko ena akhala akugwiritsa ntchito nyumba zotsika kwambiri.

Kapangidwe kakang'ono kwa China kwagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'munda wapamwamba kwambiri, kapangidwe kambiri ka span ndi chomera cha mafakitale, ndipo malingaliro a chitsulo, ndi miyambo, ndi ukadaulo womanga nawonso ndi okhwima. Ndi kuthamanga kwa njira yotukuka yofananira yopanga mafakitale opanga ndi kupanga mafakitale apamwamba a dzikolo, ndipo njira zophatikizika zam'madzi zimalowa mu gawo lokwanira, ndipo nyumba yolumikizira imakhala ndi chiyembekezo cha chitukuko. Mu 2020, awiri mwa ntchito zazikulu zisanu ndi zinayi zomwe zidatumizidwa mumnyumba komanso ntchito yakunyumba yakunyumba. Kuchokera pa malingaliro a kuchuluka kwa makope, malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa makope a 60%, malo omanga nyumba ku China amakhalabe ndi chipinda chitukuko. Malinga ndi ntchito zazikuluzikulu za zomangamanga zatsopano za mu 2019 zomwe zatulutsidwa mu 2019, boma limafunikira kukwezedwa kwa mzinda wa City dengo ndi Guang Kong-Macaong-Hoster Akuluakulu a dzikolo, ndipo pali masango akuluakulu a mzindawo nthawi yomweyo. Tikhulupirira kuti ntchito yomanga mzinda wa Central City idzayendetsa zojambulajambula komanso ndalama zogulitsa m'malo onse a dziko lonse kumbali yayitali. Pamodzi ndi kuwonjezereka kwa kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa makope, msika wa nyumba zokhazikitsidwa zachitsulo zidzakulitsidwa.

Msika wachitsulo

Msika woyenda pamsewu umafunikira kwambiri kapangidwe katatu ka gawo la njanji, msewu waukulu, mayendedwe akumatauni ndi mlatho. Ntchito yomanga njanji kwambiri yamakono imafunikira kukana kwaulere komanso kuchuluka kwa njira zambiri zopendekera kwambiri ku China Ndikumatalika kwa njira yaku China ya China, mizinda yayikulu ya dziko layamba kupanga zomangamanga zatsopano, zomwe zimafuna kumanga kwa zochulukirapo, ma radids, milatho yamadzi ndi njanji.

Kugulitsa kwa China mu gawo la zoyendera zoyendera monga njanji, misewu yayikulu, etc. Malinga ndi utumiki wa 201115019 wopita ndi mabungwe a "mayendedwe a mabizinesi a pachaka Milemi yosalala ya msewu waukulu adafika makilomita 149,600. Chiwerengero cha milatho yayikuluwa chinachuluka kuchokera pa 689,400 mu 2011 mpaka 878,000 mu 2019; Pakati pawo, milatho ya Mega idachuluka kuchokera 2,341 mu 2011 mpaka 5,716 mu 2019,2%. Potengera njanji, zomangamanga njanji za China zayamba kuchitika njanji zothamanga kwambiri kuyambira pomanga ndalama zotsogola ndi zigawo zitatu zotsogola. Ntchito zomangamanga zamtundu wothamanga kwambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito milatho yokwezeka kwambiri ngati njira yodutsa, ndipo ndalama zogulitsa njanjizo zimapangitsanso kusankha mapulonope a zitsulo.

Space Steel Wopanga

Kapangidwe ka malo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'malo osiyanasiyana akuluakulu, kuphatikiza mabwalo, kuphatikiza mabwalo, maholo owonetsera, malo ochitira misonkhano, mabwalo a ndege, malo ena akuluakulu aboma, malo ena akuluakulu. Zitsulo ndizosavuta kuzindikira zida zopitilira zopitilira muyeso ndikusiyanitsidwa chifukwa cha kudzikuza kwake, mphamvu zazikuluzikulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale njira yosinthira ndege (DRA) yoyendera ku China Ma eyapoti adzafika pafupifupi 260 pofika 200, ndipo kuti nambala ingapo ikhale yosintha mabatani asanu ndi limodzi ku North China, East China, ku South China, kumwera chakumadzulo China ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo Podzafika 2025, ma eyapoti atsopano aja adzaikidwa pamaziko a ma eyapoti omwe alipo (kuphatikiza ma eyapoti omwe alipo), ndipo malo omwe adakonzanso ma eyapoti a mtunduwo akhala 370 (ndi ma eyapoti pafupifupi 320) adakonzekera kuti apangidwe). Zikuyembekezeredwa kuti pa nthawi ya "zaka 14

Pankhani ya zipatala, masukulu ndi nyumba zina zaboma, mu Seputembara 2020, mautumiki a m'nyumba zatsopano, "kulimbikitsa madikodi ena opanga zitsulo kuti agwiritse ntchito njira zothandizira kugwiritsa ntchito Kapangidwe kakang'ono m'masukulu, zipatala, kugula zinthu m'madzi, nyumba zina, ndi nyumba zina zapagulu, kulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo. Mwachitsanzo, Beijing amalimbikitsa masukulu, zipatala, malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi, nyumba zina zapakati pa nyumba zatsopano zamiyala 10,000 kapena zochulukirapo ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mitundu yachitsulo.