Kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane za zomangamanga zazikuluzikulu za truss

Chifukwa cha kulemera kwake, mphamvu zambiri, kuuma kwakukulu ndi machitidwe abwino a zivomezi, ma span truss amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mabwalo a ndege, malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi, holo yowonetsera ndi mitundu ina yambiri yomanga. Mwachitsanzo, bwalo la ndege limatengera mawonekedwe akulu akulu kuti apereke malo otakasuka mkati kuti akwaniritse zosowa zapaulendo ndikudikirira ndege. Mabwalo amasewera akuluakulu, maiwe osambira, malo ochitira madzi oundana, ndi zina zambiri, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zinyumba zazikuluzikulu zolumikizira denga lalikulu komanso malo owonera opanda mizere. Mitundu yomangayi imaphatikizapo madera osiyanasiyana kuchokera ku malo akuluakulu a anthu kupita ku nyumba zapadera, zomwe zimasonyeza kufunikira kwa mapangidwe a truss aatali muzomangamanga zamakono.

Chifukwa cha zovuta za malo, malo omwe amapezeka kuti asonkhanitse truss ndi kunyamulira amakhala ochepa kwambiri pama projekiti ena. Pofuna kukonza bwino komanso kusunga ndalama, m'pofunika kupanga njira yomanga yomwe ingakwaniritse zosowa za zomangamanga zake popanda kusokoneza ntchito zina.

1, Zosankha zamadongosolo

Kutalika ndi m'lifupi mwa mawonekedwe a konkire omalizidwa pa malo a polojekiti yayikulu nthawi zambiri amakhala aakulu, ndipo malo opangira zitsulo zachitsulo nthawi zambiri amakhala pakati pa denga, kotero kukweza kunja sikungatheke. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ntchito yomangayi iyeneranso kuganizira za mtunda ndi zipangizo zonyamulira. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa chipinda chapansi, njira zolimbikitsira zovuta zikadafunikira ngati crane yayikulu idasankhidwa kuti ikweze. Chifukwa chake, kusankhidwa kwa pulogalamu kumafunikanso kuganizira momwe ntchito yomanga ikuyendera komanso kufananitsa kwachuma.

Malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili pa malo omangawo, nthawi zambiri zimatsimikiziridwa kuti ma trusses akuluakulu ndi achiwiri akhoza kusonkhanitsidwa pansi, ma trusses akuluakulu akhoza kukwezedwa mu joist lonse kapena zigawo mkati mwa kugwa, ndi yachiwiri. ma trus akhoza kukwezedwa lonse. Crane ingagwiritsidwe ntchito posonkhanitsa komanso kukweza. Malinga ndi momwe crane imagwirira ntchito, gawo la joist lalikulu limagawidwa m'magawo awiri kapena atatu malinga ndi kufunikira kwenikweni. Gawo la magawo silingasankhidwe kunja kwa konkriti, apo ayi njira zambiri zotetezera zimafunikira kuti zitsimikizire kumangidwa kwa malo olumikizirana matako, chifukwa chake gawo logawika limasankhidwa mkati mwa konkriti, ndipo pansi chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga nsanja yogwirira ntchito. Chingwe chowongolera chimayikidwa pamtunda wapansi pafupi ndi gawo la truss lalikulu, ndipo chimango chokhazikika chimayikidwa pamwamba pa mtengo wa konkire kapena mzati padenga.

2, Zambiri zomanga Truss

2.1 Msonkhano wa Joist

Pofuna kupewa kudzikundikira zolakwika, ma trusses akuluakulu ndi achiwiri amasonkhanitsidwa ndi njira ya msonkhano wonse wochuluka, ndipo benchi yachitsulo imapangidwa ndi chitsulo cha 16-gauge monga nsanja yosonkhanitsa. Pofuna kutsimikizira kulondola kwa truss, zolembera ziyenera kukopera mosamalitsa ndi mita, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo, mawaya abwino azitsulo amamangika kumapeto kwa zitsulo zakumwamba ndi zapansi kuti ziwongolere ziwongoledwe.

Mzere wa m'mphepete mwa ukonde umayesedwa ndikuyikidwa pamalo amkati a stringers, ndipo ukonde umayikidwa molingana ndi malo a mzere wa m'mphepete. Atangosintha ndodo za chord, ndodo zina zapaintaneti zimayikidwa kumapeto, pakati ndi malo olumikizana, kuti mawonekedwe a truss akhazikike kuti apewe kusinthika pamene ndodo zina zapaintaneti zimayikidwa.

2.2 kusonkhanitsa malo ndikuthandizira kusankha malo agalimoto

Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yomanga ndikupewa momwe zimakhalira zoyendera zachiwiri ndikutsekereza njira yoyenda ya crane, ma trusses amasonkhanitsidwa pafupi ndi malo omwe amapangidwira, ndipo tebulo lophatikizira limakonzedwa mbali zonse za njira yofananira. njira yolowera.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa masinthidwe a crane kuyenera kuchepetsedwa pokweza, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kudziwa pasadakhale malo othandizira. Mfundo yake ndi yakuti crane imatha kukweza ma trusses awiri oyandikana nthawi imodzi pamalo omwewo. Ma trusses akachotsedwa pamalo osonkhanitsira, malo owombera a mbedza ayenera kukhala okulirapo kuposa mbewa yowotchera ikayikidwa momwe ingathere, kuti chochita cha crane pakukweza chikhale chokulirapo. kwezani mbedza, tembenuzani mkono, ndi kukweza mkono, ndipo malo ophatikizirapo akucheperachepera, ndipo gawo lachitetezo likukulirakulirakulirakulira, kotero kuti chitetezo chokweza mlengalenga chitsimikizike kwambiri.

2.3 Kukwezedwa kwakukulu kwa truss

(1) Zomangamanga

Chifukwa cha zovuta za malo, kukhazikitsa truss kumatengera njira yomanga kuchokera mbali imodzi kupita mbali ina. Ndondomeko yomangayi iyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za mapangidwe a bungwe la zomangamanga ndikuyendetsedwa motsatira mosamalitsa popereka zomanga.

(2) Kukweza chiuno

The plane position and elevation of the support should be adjusted accurately before truss lifting, and welded firmly according to the requirements of drawings after adjustment. Measure and place the truss positioning axis on the surface of the support.

Mukakweza joist lonse, kukweza mfundo ziwiri kumatengedwa. Pofuna kupewa kusakhazikika kwa joist imodzi, zingwe zimayikidwa pa 1/3 kuchokera kumapeto kwa joist kumbali zonse ziwiri za joist panthawi yokweza, ndipo joist imakhazikika ndi zingwe ikayikidwa.

Pamene truss imakwezedwa m'magawo awiri, kukweza mfundo ziwiri kumatengedwanso, gawo lalifupi limakwezedwa poyamba, mapeto otsetsereka amaikidwa pamwamba pa chimango chothandizira ndipo kukwera kumasinthidwa ndi mita ya mlingo, pambuyo pake, chigawo chachitali chimakwezedwa, ndipo mfundo za m’mwamba ndi zapansi za matako ziyenera kumangirizidwa mwamphamvu mbedzayo isanachotsedwe ndi mbeza, ndiyeno maukonde apakati pa matakowo amawotcherera.

Mukakweza ndi makina awiri, mbali ziwiri zomaliza ziyenera kukwezedwa poyamba. Kutalika kwa gawo lapakati la truss ndi lalitali kuposa mtunda woonekera pakati pa konkire. Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti truss sichidzasokoneza kapangidwe ka konkire panthawi yokweza, malo osakanikirana a truss ayenera kutsatiridwa musananyamule. Muntchito yokweza, ngati ma cranes awiri akukweza mkono ndikutembenuza mkono, ndipo utali wozungulira ukucheperachepera, gawo lachitetezo likukulirakulira. Kuonjezera apo, popeza kutalika kwa malekezero awiri a truss ndi osiyana, yesetsani kuti katundu wa ma cranes awiri azikhala ofanana. Kukweza kuyenera kuchokera kumbali yakumbuyo, ndipo crane iliyonse imanyamula mfundo imodzi. kulungani mfundo za matako kumbali zonse ziwirizo mwamphamvu mutangokhala, ndikuwotchererani ukonde pakati pa matako pambuyo pake.

2.4 sub-truss kukweza

Asananyamule cholumikizira chachikulu, nsonga zowongolera za cholumikizira chapamwamba ndi chapansi cha cholumikizira chachiwiri chinayesedwa ndikuyikidwa pamalo ofananirako a joist yachiwiri, ndipo berelo limapachikidwa kuti athandizire ogwira ntchitoyo. Pambuyo pomaliza kukweza ma trusses awiri oyandikana nawo, ma trusses achiwiri pakati pawo adakwezedwa nthawi yomweyo, kotero kuti ma trusses akulu ndi achiwiri adapanga gawo lokhazikika kuti atsimikizire chitetezo cha kapangidwe kake. Pambuyo pounika, crane boom imatha kukhala pakati pa ma trusses awiri akulu pokweza ma trusses achiwiri, apo ayi zingayambitse kugundana pakati pa boom ndi ma trusses akulu chifukwa cha kutalika kosakwanira kwa boom.

(Kukhathamiritsa kwa magawo a truss pamalowo ndikuwunika mwatsatanetsatane malo opangira crane kudzera pakuyika koyenera kwa malo osonkhanitsira zida, kukulitsa magwiridwe antchito a crane kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa zokweza komanso nthawi yomweyo kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwa crane, Kupatula apo, ndi zovuta zina ziti zomwe ziyenera kutsatiridwa pomanga ma truss otalikirapo?)

3, Truss Welding Construction

(1) Kukonzekera

Pamaso kuwotcherera, mawonekedwe ayenera kutsukidwa mu osiyanasiyana 10-15mm kuchotsa dzimbiri ndi madontho pamwamba pa chitsulo. Musanayambe kuwotcherera, poyambira ndi kutsekera kotsekera kotsekera kumayenera kudulidwa pamalo otsetsereka kuti zitsimikizire kuti palibe cholakwika chilichonse monga mabowo osabowoka komanso ochepera. Malekezero a zitsulo joist ayenera kusungidwa kwa kuwotcherera shrinkage, ndipo ayenera kukonzedwa pamaso kuwotcherera chifukwa zolakwa zotheka pokonza ndi kupanga ndi mapindikidwe zotheka mayendedwe.

(2) Kuwongolera khalidwe

• (1) Preheat cholumikizira chitsulo ndi kuchotsa chinyezi pamaso kuwotcherera;
• (2) Control liwiro kuwotcherera, ndi kutentha athandizira akhoza ziwonjezeke moyenera;
• (3) Kuwongolera chiŵerengero cha maphatikizidwe, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zovulaza m'munsi mwazitsulo ndi zitsulo zosungunuka muzitsulo zowotcherera;
• (4) Muzu kuwotcherera zitsulo ayenera kuyesa kusankha otsika sulfure ndi phosphorous okhutira, mkulu manganese zili consumables kuwotcherera kuti kuonjezera toughness ndi kusintha kukana ntchito matenthedwe akulimbana.

(3) Kusamala

Woyamba wosanjikiza wa kuwotcherera mosamala pamaso kuwotcherera kuchotsa wosanjikiza woyamba wa mbali anakweza, fufuzani ngati m'mphepete bevel si anasakaniza ndi maganizo, ngati ndi choncho, ayenera kuchotsedwa. Pewani kukhudza m'mphepete mwa bevel pogaya ma welded ndi mbali zina. Gwiritsani ntchito maelekitirodi akulu akulu akulu ndi magetsi apakatikati powotchera ofukula, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito magetsi okwera kwambiri powotcherera lathyathyathya. Pamwamba kuwotcherera njira zodzitetezera kuwotcherera pamwamba ayenera kusankhidwa ang'onoang'ono panopa, mbali bevel m'mphepete ayenera anawonjezera maphatikizidwe nthawi, m'malo elekitirodi ayenera kuyesetsa kufupikitsa nthawi kuteteza kuwotcherera kusokonezeka.

4, Dongosolo ladzidzidzi lomanga truss

(1) kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo ochenjeza zachitetezo pakukweza ngati ntchitoyo ili yosayenera idzayambitsa ngozi zachitetezo, zimakhudza ntchitoyo. Choncho, ayenera kukhazikitsa malo chenjezo, chenjezo m'dera osiyanasiyana ndi kukweza ntchito osiyanasiyana, kukhazikitsa munthu wapadera kulondera malo chenjezo, momveka bwino ndi ogwirizana yomanga dongosolo ntchito 24h, mu ndondomeko kukweza kuletsa anthu kuyenda powonekera. .

(2) kukweza njira yokonzekera munthu kuti azindikire jack, kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zoyankhulirana kuti agwiritse ntchito lipoti la zochitika za jack, kuteteza jack kuti asatengeke ndi zolephera zina.

(3) kukonza jack kudziwika pa nthawi yomweyo komanso kukonza munthu wapadera kuti azindikire mmene mpope mafuta, ngati pali kutenthedwa, kutayikira mafuta ndi kuthamanga linanena bungwe kusakhazikika ayenera linanenanso m'nthawi yake, kudzera mwa mkulu-mu- mkulu anavomera kusiya ntchito ya munda wonse kuti kuyendera ndi kukonza, ndi zoletsedwa malamulo unilateral.

(4) Pokweza, zingwe ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa kumapeto kwa truss kuti zitsimikizire kukhazikika kwa truss ndikuletsa kugwedezeka.

(5) Chitani ntchito zowotcherera mutatha kukweza pamalo omwe mwasankhidwa, pewani kupsa kwa arc panthawi yowotcherera, ndikutsekereza waya ndi nangula.

(6) pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti ntchito yokweza ikupita patsogolo, mogwirizana ndi mfundo ya chitetezo choyamba, kupewa choyamba, musananyamule kuyenera kukonzekera zadzidzidzi, kukhala ndi njira zodzitetezera.

(7) ogwira ntchito yokweza pamalo okwera ayenera kuvala chisoti chabwino, ngati ntchito yapamwamba iyenera kumangidwa ndi lamba wachitetezo. Akatswiri kuvala chizindikiro chaukatswiri, tcherani khutu ku malangizo a wowonetsa kuti apewe ngozi, wowonetsa kunyamula mbendera, mluzu ndi zida zoyankhulira.

(8) crane ntchito ayenera kudziwa kulemera kwa chinthu ntchito kupewa mochulukira ntchito, mu chigawo chokweza ndi m'malo wololera kumanga chingwe kuzembera, choyamba chokweza theka la mita kutalika kufufuza maubwenzi ake kutsimikizira kuti ndi olimba musananyamule. Mu chigawo chokweza kulabadira kukwera pang'onopang'ono kukwera pang'onopang'ono kugwa, mu chigawo ndi zoletsedwa kuima anthu kapena kuika ena onse zigawo zikuluzikulu, pofuna kupewa ngozi ngozi.

(9) Chilankhulo ndi chizindikiro cha mlangizi wa siginecha ziyenera kugwirizana ndi dalaivala, mkulu wolamulira amalavulira mawu momveka bwino, kupewa kusamvetsetsana, dalaivala wa tower crane kumvera lamulo la siginecha kuti awonetsetse kuti maphwando onse akugwirizanitsa ntchitoyo kuti apewe zolakwika. .

(10) zigawo zitsulo kugwa liwiro pang'onopang'ono, ogwira ntchito yomanga m'zigawo za kunja m'manja zigawo zikuluzikulu, ndi zoletsedwa kuyika manja awo pansi pa zigawo zikuluzikulu kapena zigawo zikuluzikulu za olowa.