Chiyambi cha chitsulo chosungiramo denga kutayikira

Kapangidwe kachitsulondi mtundu womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito mochulukirachulukira, chifukwa chaubwino wake wanthawi yayitali yomanga, kutalika kwakukulu, kulimba kwambiri, ndi zina zambiri, imagwiritsidwa ntchito mochulukira muzomera zazikulu, malo, nyumba zapagulu ndi nyumba zina. Kuchulukirachulukira kwa denga ndi zovuta zomangika m'mafakitale azitsulo zakhudza kwambiri ntchito yawo.

Mu pepala ili, timayesetsa kuyambira pa siteji yapangidwe yapitayi, siteji yomanga, ndi siteji yokonza kuti tifotokoze njira zopewera kuphulika kwa denga mu nyumba za fakitale zachitsulo. Kumbali imodzi, tiyenera kuyamba kuchokera ku gwero la mapangidwe, ndikuchita ntchito yabwino yopangira zitsulo padenga malinga ndi mawonekedwe a zitsulo zamapangidwe azitsulo, kumbali imodzi, tiyenera kulamulira khalidwe la zomangamanga panthawi yomanga. , ndi kupanga mapangidwe a node molingana ndi zojambula zabwino. Komanso kuchita ntchito yabwino yokonza zitsulo zitagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Miyezo ya gawo la mapangidwe

1, Kwezani otsetsereka padenga

Kapangidwe kachitsulo kamangidwe ka chitsulo kanyumba kanyumba kowunikira kamene kamanena kuti malo otsetsereka a nyumba yowunikira ya portal ayenera kukhala 1/8 ~ 1/20, m'dera lomwe lili ndi madzi amvula ambiri, ndibwino kutenga mtengo wokulirapo, ndipo otsetsereka padenga la kum'mwera sayenera kukhala osachepera 5%.

Magawo apangidwe kuti akwaniritse gawo lomanga kuti asunge ndalama, kuchepetsa zofunikira zogulira polojekiti, nthawi zambiri amatenga mtengo wocheperako. Popeza denga la denga ndi laling'ono, zomwe zimachititsa kuti madzi a denga aziyenda pang'onopang'ono, madzi amvula sangathe kutulutsidwa panthawi yake, ndikusiya mavuto obisika kwa madzi a padenga.

Choncho, ponena za mapangidwe, choyamba, ziyenera kukhala zogwirizana kwambiri ndi mapangidwe apangidwe, osati chifukwa cha ndalama zochepetsera ndalama komanso kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha mapangidwe, nthawi yomweyo ziyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zochitika zenizeni za dera. pakupanga malowa, mapangidwewo ayenera kutengedwa ku nthawi yowonjezereka yamvula.

Mapangidwe a denga purlin ayenera kukhala osamala, osati mwachimbulimbuli kupulumutsa chitsulo ndi kuchepetsa kutalika kwa bala. Ngati chigawo chapakati cha denga la purlin chapangidwa chochepa kwambiri ndipo malowa ndi aakulu kwambiri, mapindikidwe a bar ndi mbale yoponderezedwa pansi pa mphepo idzakhala yaikulu kwambiri. Kutalika kwa bar ndi gawo la mtanda kumatenga mtengo wapatali, womwe ndi wabwino kuteteza denga kuti lisapitirire kutsika pansi komanso kupewa kupezeka kwa madzi padenga.

2, Kuchulukitsa kugwiritsa ntchito ngalande zakunja

Dongosolo la madzi a mvula padenga la msonkhano wazitsulo wazitsulo likhoza kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: kayendedwe ka kunja ndi kayendedwe ka mkati.

Dongosolo la ngalande zakunja ndikugwiritsa ntchito ngalande yapadenga kuti itulutse madzi amvula mwachindunji kudzera papaipi yakunja kupita ku chitoliro chamadzi amvula kapena drainage nullah.

Dongosolo lamkati la ngalande limagwiritsa ntchito chitoliro chamadzi amvula chamkati kuti chitulutse madzi amvula mupaipi yakunja yamvula.

Chitsulo chomangira denga lotsetsereka lawiri ndi mitundu ina ya denga la mbali ya denga lomwe liri ndi khoma lakunja la ngalande lingagwiritsidwe ntchito kutseka dongosolo la ngalande zakunja kuti lithetse madzi a mvula, ngalandeyi ndi yabwino kwambiri, malinga ngati kuwerengera kuli zololera, sizidzatulutsa chodabwitsa cha kuphulika kwa madzi.

Kunja ngalande dongosolo si malire ndi mphamvu ya ngalande ndi zina, ngalande ndi bwino. Choncho, ngalande zakunja ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito momwe zingathere.

3, Wonjezerani kuya kwa ngalande

Poyerekeza ndi denga la konkire lolimbitsidwa, kuya kwa denga la zitsulo kumakhala kochepa, ndipo palibe njira yopititsira patsogolo yotsekera madzi pakati pa gutter ndi denga, kotero zimakhala zovuta kuonetsetsa kuti palibe madzi akutuluka pamene madzi atsekedwa.

Amapezeka makamaka m'ngalande ndi padenga lapadenga, lomwe nthawi zambiri limadziwika kuti madzi akumbuyo padenga, amapezekanso kuphatikiza zotulutsira madzi amvula ndi ngalande.

Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a kunja kwa gutter, palibe vuto. Mtsinje wamkati nthawi zambiri umapangidwa ndi 3mm ~ 4mm wandiweyani wachitsulo wopindika, kuya kwa ngalande kumakhala pakati pa 160mm ~ 250mm. Magulu olumikizirana m'miyendo ndi ma bridging ndi mbali ziwiri zofunika. Kutsekera msoko makamaka kumagwirizana ndi mtundu wa zomangamanga, mbale yopyapyala yachitsulo ndi kuwotcherera kwachitsulo, kuwongolera mtundu wa seams wowotcherera ndikuchita ntchito yabwino pakupanga dzimbiri losalowa madzi.

Kuphatikizika kwa lap si vuto lomanga, komanso kapangidwe kake kamakhala kogwirizana kwambiri, ngati kuli kotheka, kuyenera kukhala koyenera kuwonjezera kuya kwa ngalande, kuti mvula yam'madzi isapitirire pachimake.

4, Kuyika miyeso ya kusefukira kwa denga

Kuzama kwa ngalande nthawi zambiri kumapangidwa kuti kukhale kochepa, nthawi zambiri kumakhala pakati pa 160mm ndi 250mm. Mwa njira imeneyi, mu mvula yamkuntho kwambiri nyengo, kuchuluka kwa madzi amvula mu nthawi yochepa kwambiri mu ngalande, mvula yamkuntho mwamphamvu kuposa dongosolo madzi amvula dongosolo kumaliseche mphamvu, chifukwa mu "backwater" chodabwitsa, chifukwa cha ngozi.

Ndipo kuonjezera kuya kwa ngalande kumakhala ndi malire, choncho ganizirani kukhazikitsa miyeso ya kusefukira kwa denga, pakupanga mapulani a nyumbayo ayenera kulembedwa njira yokhazikitsidwa ndi doko ndi malo.

Zisefukira doko ndi zofunika kwambiri zili padenga dongosolo madzi a mvula, specifications amapereka kuti nyumba denga ntchito madzi amvula akhazikike zikusefukira zipangizo, okwana mvula ngalande mphamvu ya nyumba wamba si zosakwana 10a kubalana nthawi, nyumba yofunika 50a . Chifukwa chake, ikani khomo losefukira m'malekezero awiri a khoma, chifukwa kutalika kwa ngalande ya ngalande, iyeneranso kuganiziridwa pakhoma la mwana wamkazi wa 6m ~ 12m iliyonse kukhazikitsa doko kusefukira.

5, Chepetsani kutseguka kwa denga

Chifukwa cha kufunikira kwa kuyika mapaipi ndi kuyika zida, nthawi zambiri ndikofunikira kupanga mabowo padenga la chomera chachitsulo. Chizoloŵezi chotsegula mabowo padenga chimawononga dongosolo lonse la denga la zomera, ndipo gawo lotsegula la denga ndi chimodzi mwa zoopsa zazikulu zowonongeka padenga la chitsulo chopangira zitsulo.

Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kusunga tsiku lamvula pamapangidwewo, ndipo mipata iyenera kutetezedwa ndi madzi molingana ndi kapangidwe ka node. Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa denga mipata, monga utsi chitoliro akhoza kuganiziridwa m'malo denga mipata ndi mipata khoma.

Pamene chiwerengero chachikulu cha mabowo ayenera kutsegulidwa chifukwa cha ntchito ndi kapangidwe amafuna, ganizirani kukhazikitsa konkire kuponyedwa mu malo dongosolo pa mbali ya zitsulo zomera denga palokha unit, kufunika kupeza denga la zida payipi. makonzedwe apakati mu gawoli, motero kupewa kuopsa kwa kutayikira!

6, Moyenera kuonjezera chiwerengero ndi awiri a mipope madzi amvula

Chiwerengero ndi mainchesi a mipope ya madzi amvula ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu ya madzi amvula.

Chiwerengero cha chitoliro cha mvula ndi chaching'ono, madzi amvula omwe ali pamtunda wothamanga, nthawi yayitali, zomwe zimapangitsa "kusokonezeka"; madzi a mvula chitoliro m'mimba mwake kapangidwe ndi kakang'ono kwambiri, komanso zosavuta chifukwa kukhetsa madzi a mvula si yosalala, chifukwa mu "backwater".

Choncho, chidwi chiyenera kulipidwa kuti muwonjezere chiwerengero cha mipope ya madzi amvula ndi m'mimba mwake, osachepera imodzi pa mphindi iliyonse. Ndipo tiyenera kulabadira kusankha wololera wa zinthu mvula chitoliro, monga ntchito pulasitiki chitoliro, osauka mphamvu, zosavuta kuonongeka, choncho tiyenera kuyesetsa kupewa.

Miyezo panthawi yomanga

1, Mphamvu yaumunthu

Sankhani gulu labwino kwambiri komanso lodziwa ntchito yomanga. Gulu la zomangamanga ndi ziyeneretso za ogwira ntchito ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira, ndipo ogwira ntchito apadera monga owotcherera ayenera kukhala ndi ziyeneretso zoyenera. Ogwira ntchito pa bolodi ayenera kuchita ntchito yabwino yofotokozera zaukadaulo ndi maphunziro, ndikuchita ntchito yabwino yoyang'anira ntchito iliyonse yomanga, osasiya vuto lililonse lobisika lomwe lingayambitse vuto la kudontha kwa denga. Kuyika kwazitsulo zopangira denga ndi njira yomanga yomwe ili ndi luso lapamwamba komanso chiopsezo chachikulu cha chitetezo, chomwe chiyenera kumalizidwa ndi ogwira ntchito zomangamanga omwe ali ndi luso lomangamanga.

2, Zinthu zakuthupi

Nyumba zomangira zitsulo zimapangidwa mwachindunji ndi zida zomangira, ntchito yofunikira yomwe ili yosakayikira.

Zida ziyenera kulandiridwa pomwepo, fufuzani chiphaso chofananira ndi lipoti la mayeso azinthu zomwe zikubwera, ndipo zofunikira ziyenera kutumizidwa kuti ziyesedwenso. Pomanga denga lachitsulo, mtundu wa chitsulo choponderezedwa, mbale ya gutter, zinthu zowotcherera, zinthu zosindikizira komanso ma rivets ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa mosamalitsa kuti athetse ngozi yobisika. Kwa zida zina zofunika zomangira zitha kufotokozedwa mumtundu wogulira mgwirizano, ndikuyika zinthuzo m'munda, zida zomangira zokha zomwe zili ndi zida zonse zotsimikizira zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pantchitoyo.

3, Njira yomanga

Gulu la zomangamanga liyenera kukhazikitsa ndikuwongolera njira yoyendetsera ntchito, mfundo zazikuluzikulu za chiopsezo cha kutayikira ziyenera kukonzekera kalozera wogwirira ntchito, kulimbikitsa kasamalidwe ka ntchito yomanga, ndikukhazikitsa mozama ndondomeko ndi njira zogwirira ntchito kuti zikhazikike bwino.

Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito ayenera kukhazikitsidwa pazithunzi zojambula za node, ziyenera kuphatikizapo siteji yopangira ndondomeko iliyonse, khalidwe laling'ono lililonse, zofunikira zaumisiri, komanso kuonetsetsa kuti khalidwe la mankhwala ndi chitukuko cha miyeso yeniyeni, monga zigawo zikuluzikulu. za njira zopangira, zigawo za ndondomeko yoyika, ndondomeko ya ndondomeko. Kuonetsetsa kuti kapangidwe ka node ndi koyenera, kodalirika, kopanda kutayikira, mawonekedwe abwino. Zosavuta kuchitika kutayikira chiopsezo mbali kuwala bolodi, denga mipata, mbali gable, mbali kusefukira, ngalande, ndowa, mkulu ndi otsika span kugwirizana mbali ndi mfundo zina kiyi, kuchita ndondomeko okhwima khalidwe kuvomereza, kukhazikitsa pa-malo. zomangamanga khalidwe udindo dongosolo.

Kugwiritsa ntchito magawo okonzekera

Pogwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chopangira zitsulo, zigawozi zimakhala zowonongeka ndipo zipangizo zosindikizira zimakalamba chifukwa cha kuwala kwa dzuwa, mvula ndi kusintha kwa kutentha. Chifukwa chake, ikalowa mugawo logwiritsira ntchito, iyeneranso kukonzanso koyenera ndikupewa machitidwe ena osayenera.

1, guluu wopanda madzi, kukalamba kosindikiza, kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi kuyenera kukhala kofunikira kuti muwone kukonza.

2, Mzere wa denga sungathe kuonjezeredwa pakufuna pa katundu, anthu amapita patsogolo, osavuta kutsogolera kusinthika kwa denga.

3, Madzi amvula amadziunjikira dothi, pali kutsekereza madzi. Pa nthawi yomweyo, tiyenera kulabadira ngalande mu ngalande chitoliro kapu ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mpira mtundu chitoliro kapu, sayenera kugwiritsa lathyathyathya Kasitolo chitoliro kapu, kuchepetsa blockage chodabwitsa.

4, denga lotayirira malo kuti liwunikenso, makamaka nyengo yachigumula isanachitike, limbitsani kuyendera ndi kuyendera, kuchepetsa kutayikira kwa denga pakupanga ndi moyo wazovuta.