Limbikitsani mwamphamvu nyumba yomanga zitsulo Zokonzedweratu kuti pakhale zokolola zatsopano zowonjezera mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu zowonjezera mapulani atsopano ajambula, ulendo watsopano wayamba.

Kusintha ndi kupititsa patsogolo ku mafakitale, digitization ndi greening ndizofunikira zenizeni za chitukuko chapamwamba cha makampani omangamanga komanso njira yaikulu ya chitukuko chamtsogolo cha mafakitale. Zomangamanga zachitsulo mwachilengedwe zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a Prefabricated, industrialization and greening, kupatsa kusewera kwathunthu pazabwino zake "zopepuka, zachangu, zabwino komanso zachuma", ndikukulitsa chitukuko chapamwamba cha osonkhana.zitsulo zomangamanga zomangamangakudzera paukadaulo wamawilo awiri aukadaulo ndi kasamalidwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakukulitsa zokolola zatsopano.

1, Gwirani kusinthika kwamakampani omanga ndikuzindikira ubwino wa nyumba yomanga zitsulo

Makampani omanga ku China akadali njira yolimbikitsira, yomanga mopanda pake yamakampani azikhalidwe, poyerekeza ndi zofunikira za chitukuko chapamwamba, pali kusiyana kwakukulu. Msonkhano wa National Housing and Urban-Rural Construction Work womwe unachitikira chaka chatha unatsindika kuzama kwa kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka anthu kuti apitirize kugwira ntchito pa chitukuko cha mafakitale, digitization, kusintha kobiriwira, ndi kuyesetsa kupereka zomangamanga zapamwamba kwambiri. kwa anthu onse, kuti apange mtundu wokwezeka wa "China-built". Izi zawunikira njira ndi njira yopititsira patsogolo chitukuko chapamwamba cha zomangamanga.

Tanthauzo la zomangamanga zamafakitale ndi kupanga fakitale, kuyika pamalopo, kukhazikika kwazinthu zopanga, magawo, Lingaliro lokhazikika pantchito yomanga, nyumbayo kukhala zinthu zamakampani. Komabe, sikophweka kuti makampani omangamanga azindikire "kumanga nyumba ngati magalimoto". Kuchokera kumalingaliro othandiza, kukula kwa mafakitale ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa kumanga magalimoto. Chifukwa chake ndi chakuti: Choyamba, zida zomangira sizingakhale ngati zida zamagalimoto zamagalimoto amtundu womwewo wa planing ndi mphero; Chachiwiri, zigawo zomanga sizili zazikulu zokha, zazikulu, zolemetsa, ndi zida zoikamo, njira ndizosiyana kwambiri, nyumbayo imayikidwa pa malo, osati kuyika fakitale. Chachitatu, mawonekedwe amunthu pazomangamanga ndizodziwikiratu, palibe nyumba ziwiri zomwe zimafanana ndendende. Zomangamanga zamafakitale zimadziwika ndi mapangidwe okhazikika, kupanga fakitale, zomangamanga zokhazikika, zokongoletsera zophatikizika, kasamalidwe ka zidziwitso, kugwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru, pachimake ndi Kumanga kokhazikika, kotero nyumbayo kuti tikwaniritse "monga kumanga galimoto ngati kumanga nyumba", tiyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zokhazikika. kumanga, yomwe ndi dzanja lofunika kwambiri kuti tikwaniritse chitukuko cha mafakitale.

Ukadaulo wapaintaneti waukadaulo wama digito umaphatikizapo BIM (Building Information Modeling) ndi mapasa a digito, ndipo kusintha kwa digito kwamakampani omanga ndikuyika magawo onse amakampani, malamulo, zokumana nazo ndi zofunikira kuti apange kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa data, komwe kumadutsa moyo wonse wa nyumbayi, mafakitale onse ndi onse omwe akutenga nawo mbali kudzera papulatifomu yodziwitsa anthu. Kukula kwatsopano kwa mafakitale ndikuphatikiza digito pamaziko a mafakitale, kulimbikitsa kusintha kwa kasamalidwe, ndikuyambitsa njira yatsopano yomanga. Kupanga mwanzeru kumakhazikitsidwanso pakusintha kwa digito, komanso kukulitsa kwaukadaulo kwa zomangamanga zanzeru komanso kutukuka kwanyumba kwatsopano kumatengera chitukuko chenicheni chamakampaniwo, ndipo zoyeserera zimapangidwira pamlingo wapamwamba wanzeru ndikuphatikiza maziko amakampani. Cholinga cha zomangamanga mwanzeru ndikuphatikiza ukadaulo waukadaulo waukadaulo ndiukadaulo womanga uinjiniya, ukadaulo wapakatikati ndi ma aligorivimu anzeru komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru maloboti omanga. Pakalipano, zida zambiri zopangira makina sizingatchulidwe kuti "zanzeru", kutsindika kwanzeru pa "makina m'malo mwa munthu", zitha kukhala kulumikizana ndi makina, ndipo zimatha kukwaniritsa kukweza kwachidziwitso mwa kuphunzira paokha. Kumanga wanzeru ndi chitukuko chatsopano chamakampani opanga ma synergistic, mogwirizana ndi chitukuko chamakono chamakampani a zomangamanga ku China, zatsopano, zotsogola, zitha kubweretsa kusintha kwakukulu kwamakampani, ndiye chinsinsi cha chitukuko cha zokolola zatsopano.

Nyumba zomangira zitsuloali ndi mawonekedwe a Prefabricated, mafakitale ndi zobiriwira, ndipo zabwino zake ndizopepuka, zachangu, zabwino komanso zachuma. Kuwala kumatanthawuza kuti zipangizo zamapangidwe azitsulo zimakhala zopepuka komanso zamphamvu kwambiri, zokhala ndi gawo laling'ono laling'ono, lodzichepetsera komanso lolemera kwambiri, lomwe liri loyenera kuti likhale lotalika kwambiri komanso losavuta kunyamula ndikuyika. Mwamsanga, zikutanthauza kuti chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo chimapangidwa mu fakitale, chomwe chingapangidwe mumagulu a zidutswa zazikulu ndi digiri yapamwamba ya mafakitale; kutengera njira yomanga kupanga fakitale ndikuyika mabawuti amphamvu kwambiri pamalo omanga kungafupikitse nthawi yomanga, zomwe zimapanga mikhalidwe yochepetsera mtengo ndikubweretsa phindu lachuma pazachuma. Zabwino, zimatanthawuza zabwino zamakina azinthu zopangira, kudalirika kwakukulu, kutenthetsa, kusindikiza, kulimba, magwiridwe antchito a seismic, osavuta kusweka, komanso kusinthika kwamatekinoloje atsopano. Kupulumutsa, zikutanthauza kuti poyerekeza ndi kapangidwe konkire, moyo wonse wathunthu mtengo wathunthu ndi wotsika, ndipo zitsulo zitha kubwezedwanso. Chitukuko cha anasonkhana zitsulo kapangidwe nyumba si chofunika kuti kusintha kwa mafakitale zomangamanga kwa mafakitale, digitoization ndi greening, komanso mchitidwe wosalephereka pa ndondomeko ya chitukuko cha zomangamanga ndi thandizo lofunika pomanga nyumba zabwino.

2, Kuthetsa zopinga zachitukuko chapamwamba komanso kulimbikitsaZomangamanga zopangira zitsulokukhazikitsa mphamvu

Kuti mupereke masewera athunthu pazabwino zamapangidwe azitsulo, ndikofunikira kuthana ndi zovuta zomwe zikukumana ndi chitukuko, kuchitapo kanthu kuti muthetse zopinga za chitukuko chapamwamba, ndikuzindikira kudumpha kuchokera pakupanga zitsulo zomangika kupita kuzitsulo zosokonekera. zomangamanga.

Khazikitsani lingaliro la "full Prefabricated". Osati kokha kamangidwe kamene kayenera kusonkhanitsidwa, komanso mawonekedwe a kunja kwa mpanda, dongosolo lamkati, zipangizo ndi mapaipi, ndi zokongoletsera ziyenera kusonkhanitsidwa. Kuti muzindikire Prefabricated zonse, chidziwitso chozikidwa paukadaulo wa BIM ndiye vuto loyamba kuthetsedwa.

Kukhazikitsa lingaliro la "kuphatikiza". Choyamba, kuphatikizika kwa mapangidwe, kupanga, kumanga, kugwira ntchito ndi kukonza, komanso kuzama kwa kuchepetsa mtengo ndi kuyendetsa bwino. Kufooka kwa chitukuko cha zitsulo ndi mtengo wokwera wa zomangamanga, koma ngati tilingalira kuchokera pamalingaliro a kugwirizanitsa mapangidwe kuti agwire ntchito ndi kukonza, tikhoza kuchepetsa kwambiri ndalama. Kachiwiri, zomangamanga, mapangidwe, zigawo ndi zigawo, zida zamakina ndi zamagetsi, zokongoletsera ndi zipangizo ziyenera kuphatikizidwa. Monga mkulu-kukwera zitsulo zomangamanga zomangamanga ndi kusinthasintha, dongosolo mpanda ndi dongosolo kugwirizana kwa mapindikidwe luso amafuna mkulu, apo ayi dongosolo mpanda n'zosavuta mapindikidwe ndi ang'onoang'ono, okhudza kugwiritsa ntchito zotsatira nyumba ndi moyo. Kuteteza kutentha, kutchinjiriza, anticorrosion, kupewa moto, kuyatsa, sunshade ndi zigawo zina zamapangidwe ndi zigawo zina ndikuphatikizana, sizingakhale njira yabwino yothetsera mavuto angapo, komanso kumapangitsa kuti nyumbayo ikhale yabwino. Chachitatu, kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje atsopano monga green low-carbon ndi ntchito zomanga ziyenera kuphatikizidwa. Chachinayi, chitukuko cha mfundo zophatikizira zaukadaulo zophatikizika ziyenera kuyikidwa pandandanda.

Konzani dongosolo la zomangamanga. Kuyang'ana pa cholinga chitukuko cha Prefabricated ndi mafakitale, kukhathamiritsa dongosolo structural wa zitsulo kapangidwe nyumba, ndi kuyesetsa kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha zigawo zikuluzikulu, kusintha njira kugwirizana, ndi kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha standardization ndi kuona zotsatira zake.

Konzani mapangidwe. Konzani vuto la mizati yowonekera ndi mizati mkatizitsulo zomangamanga nyumbapokonza mapangidwe. M'zochita, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zachitsulo kuti zingosintha zida zolimba za konkriti, zabwino zamapangidwe azitsulo zimakhala zovuta kusewera, kugwiritsa ntchito magwiridwe antchito kumachepetsedwa, kuchuluka kwachitsulo kumawonjezeka, kudzera mukupanga zatsopano, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino maubwino azitsulo, zazikulu. danga, mawonekedwe osinthika.

Kafukufuku ndi chitukuko kuti agwirizane ndi njira yopangira mafakitale. Kukhazikika kwa mapangidwe, kupanga mafakitale a zigawo, ndi Prefabricated of structure, electromechanics, zokongoletsera ndi zipangizo ndizo ubwino wa nyumba zachitsulo. Ndikofunikira kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mokwanira pazabwino zake, kufulumizitsa chitukuko cha zomanga modular, kuzindikira kumanga mwachangu, kuchepetsa ntchito zowotcherera pamalo, kupulumutsa antchito ndikuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe.

Kafukufuku ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zigawo ndi zigawo zake. Choyamba, chifukwa cha makonda a nyumbayo, zimakhala zovuta kutulutsa zigawo ndi zigawo zake, ndipo kuchuluka kwa standardization ndi generalization ndikotsika; chachiwiri, unyolo mafakitale si wangwiro mokwanira; ndipo chachitatu, dongosolo la magawo atatu (pansi, mkati ndi kunja kwa khoma) silikugwirizana bwino ndi zomangamanga. Dongosolo lapadziko lonse lapansi limatengera kukhazikika komanso kukhazikika kwa magawo ndi zigawo ndiukadaulo wolumikizana, womwe ndi woyenera kupanga mwapadera komanso mwachikhalidwe, ndipo ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira mafakitale. Pokhapokha popanga mwamphamvu dongosolo la chilengedwe chonse pogwiritsa ntchito mbali zonse zapadziko lonse ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu zomwe tingakhazikitse maziko a "kumanga nyumba ngati galimoto".

Sinthani malingaliro a hollow floor slab. Ntchito yomanga yomanga yomanga pansi, yolumikizira gawo la kukhazikitsa kutsanula kwachiwiri, si njira yabwino yomangira mafakitale. Mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono akuyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri pakatikati pa zomangamanga zotukuka, kulinganiza zosowa zamunthu ndi kukhazikika, kukonzanso kufunikira kwa ma slabs opanda kanthu, kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha umisiri watsopano kuti athe kuthana ndi zofooka zake, kusewera molingana ndi mphamvu zake, komanso kulimbikitsa Zomwe Zilipo kale. nyumba pansi pa matabwa amfupi.

Pakalipano, chitukuko chomanga zitsulo ku China chikufulumira, malo ambiri opangira zitsulo, ma eyapoti, masiteshoni ndi nyumba zapamwamba zimakwera. Ndi kupitiriza kukula kwa mafakitale, digito ndi kusintha wobiriwira wa makampani yomanga, anasonkhana zitsulo kapangidwe nyumba adzaunjikira mphamvu, zolimbikitsa mapangidwe mphamvu zatsopano kinetic ndi ubwino watsopano yodziwika ndi luso ndi khalidwe monga chinsinsi kwa chitukuko cha fuluwenza zatsopano ndi. kupatsidwa mphamvu pakupanga mtundu watsopano.