Momwe mungapewere dzimbiri ndi dzimbiri pamapangidwe achitsulo

Chitsulo cha zomangamanga zomangamangaamadziwika kuti projekiti yobiriwira yazaka za zana la 21, kapangidwe kachitsulo kamakhala ndi zabwino zambiri monga mphamvu yayikulu, mphamvu yonyamula mwamphamvu, kulemera pang'ono, malo ochepa okhala, kupanga kosavuta ndikuyika zida, kupulumutsa nkhuni, etc. zogwiritsidwa ntchito mochulukira m'nyumba zamafakitale ndi zachitukuko.Nyumba za Frame Steel ndi Steel Structure Warehouses zili paliponse.

Ndi chitukuko chofulumira cha mafakitale, kukana kwa dzimbiri kwachitsulo ndi kusakanizidwa bwino ndi dzimbiri ndi dzimbiri ndi zinthu zina pang'onopang'ono zinawonekera, makamaka m'madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndipo makampani opanga mankhwala akhala vuto lalikulu!

Kuwonongeka kwa dongosolo lachitsulo sikungoyambitsa kuwonongeka kwachuma, komanso kumabweretsa ngozi yobisika ku chitetezo cha kapangidwe kake, ndipo ngozi zaumisiri zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi zitsulo zowonongeka ndizofala, kotero chithandizo cha anti-corrosion cha kapangidwe kazitsulo (makamaka zitsulo zowonda-mipanda) ndizofala. za kufunikira kwakukulu kwachuma ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, ndipo zotsatirazi ndizo zoyambira ndi zokambirana za mavuto omwe amapezeka pomanga ndi njira zina zothandizira.

1. Zomwe zimayambitsa zowonongeka kwazitsulo zazitsulo

Kupewa dzimbiri zachitsulo kumayamba ndikumvetsetsa zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwachitsulo.

1.1 Kuwononga makina achitsulo kutentha (pansi pa 100 ° C)

Zimbiri zachitsulo kutentha kutentha makamaka electrochemical dzimbiri. Zomangamanga zachitsulo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mumlengalenga kutentha kwa firiji, ndipo chitsulocho chimawonongeka chifukwa cha chinyezi, mpweya ndi zowononga zina (zosayera zowotcherera, zosanjikiza za dzimbiri, dothi lapamtunda) mumlengalenga. Chinyezi chachibale cha mlengalenga chili pansi pa 60%, kuwononga kwachitsulo kumakhala kochepa kwambiri; koma pamene chinyezi chachibale chikuwonjezeka kufika pamtengo wina, chiwombankhanga chachitsulo chimakwera mwadzidzidzi, ndipo mtengo uwu umatchedwa chinyezi chovuta. Pa kutentha kwa chipinda, chinyezi chachikulu chachitsulo cha 60% mpaka 70%.

Pamene mpweya uli woipitsidwa kapena mchere mumlengalenga m'madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, chinyezi chovuta kwambiri chimakhala chochepa kwambiri, pamwamba pazitsulo zimakhala zosavuta kupanga filimu yamadzi. Panthawi imeneyi, kuwotcherera slag ndi osachitira dzimbiri wosanjikiza (chitsulo okusayidi) monga cathode, zitsulo kapangidwe zigawo zikuluzikulu (m'munsi zakuthupi) monga anode mu madzi filimu electrochemical dzimbiri. Chinyezi cha mumlengalenga chomwe chimayikidwa pamtunda wachitsulo kuti chipange filimu yamadzi ndizomwe zimatsimikizira kuti dzimbiri zitsulo; chinyezi chachibale cha mumlengalenga ndi zomwe zili ndi zowononga ndizofunikira zomwe zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa dzimbiri mumlengalenga.

1.2 Kuwononga makina achitsulo pa kutentha kwakukulu (pamwamba pa 100 ℃)

Zimbiri zitsulo pa kutentha makamaka mankhwala dzimbiri. Pa kutentha kwakukulu, madzi amakhalapo mu mpweya, mphamvu ya electrochemical ndi yochepa kwambiri, imachepetsedwa kukhala chinthu chachiwiri. Zitsulo ndi mpweya wouma (monga O2, H2S, SO2, Cl2, etc.) kukhudzana, m'badwo pamwamba pa mankhwala lolingana (kloridi, sulfides, oxides), mapangidwe dzimbiri mankhwala zitsulo.

2 Njira zotetezera ku dzimbiri zazitsulo

Malingana ndi mfundo ya electrochemical ya zitsulo zowonongeka, malinga ngati mapangidwe a batire akudziteteza amatetezedwa kapena kuwonongedwa kapena njira za cathodic ndi anodic zimatsekedwa mwamphamvu, kuwonongeka kwa chitsulo kungalephereke. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa njira zodzitetezera kuti zisawonongeke zachitsulo ndi njira yodziwika bwino pakalipano, yosanjikiza yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mitundu iyi:

2.1 Metal chitetezo wosanjikiza: zitsulo zoteteza wosanjikiza ndi zitsulo kapena aloyi ndi cathodic kapena anodic zoteteza kwenikweni, kudzera electroplating, kutsitsi plating, mankhwala plating, otentha plating ndi seepage plating ndi njira zina, kufunika kuteteza zitsulo pamwamba kupanga wosanjikiza zitsulo zoteteza (filimu) kupatulira zitsulo ku sing'anga zowononga pokhudzana ndi zowononga, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito electrochemical chitetezo mphamvu ya zitsulo chitetezo, kuteteza dzimbiri.

2.2 Chitetezo chosanjikiza: Kupyolera mu njira za mankhwala kapena electrochemical kupanga chitsulo pamwamba pa kupanga filimu yosagwirizana ndi dzimbiri, kuti athetseretu zowonongeka ndi zitsulo kukhudzana ndi zitsulo, kuti zitsulo zisawonongeke.

2.3 Non-zitsulo chitetezo wosanjikiza: ndi utoto, mapulasitiki, enamel ndi zipangizo zina, kupyolera mu kujambula ndi kupopera mankhwala ndi njira zina, kupanga filimu yotetezera pamwamba pa zitsulo, kuti zitsulo ndi zowonongeka zowonongeka zidzipatula, kuti zisawonongeke zitsulo. .

3. Chithandizo chazitsulo pamwamba

Chitsulo processing ku fakitale pamaso, pamwamba pa zigawo zikuluzikulu adzakhala mosalephera kudetsedwa ndi mafuta, chinyezi, fumbi ndi zoipitsa zina, komanso kukhalapo kwa burrs, okusayidi chitsulo, dzimbiri wosanjikiza ndi zolakwika zina padziko. Kuchokera pazifukwa zazikulu zam'mbuyo za kuwonongeka kwa kapangidwe kazitsulo, tikudziwa kuti zomwe zili zoipitsa ndizofunikira kwambiri zomwe zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa mlengalenga, komanso zonyansa zam'mlengalenga zidzakhudza kwambiri kumamatira kwa zokutira pamwamba pazitsulo, ndikupanga utoto. filimu pansi pa dzimbiri akupitiriza kukula, chifukwa ❖ kuyanika kulephera kapena kuwonongeka, sangathe kukwaniritsa ankafuna zoteteza zotsatira. Choncho, khalidwe la zitsulo pamwamba mankhwala pa zoteteza mmene ❖ kuyanika ndi moyo wa chikoka, nthawi zina kuposa ❖ kuyanika palokha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ntchito zotsatira za mbali zotsatirazi ayenera anatsindika:

3.1. Pazigawo zonyamula katundu zomwe zimakhala zovuta kukonzanso panthawi yautumiki, kalasi yotsika iyenera kuwonjezeredwa moyenera.

3.2. Isanayambe kapena itatha, mafuta, burr, khungu la mankhwala, splash ndi iron oxide ziyenera kuchotsedwa mosamala.

3.3. kuvomereza kwabwino kwa ntchito zowonongeka ndi kujambula kudzakhala motsatira malamulo.

4. Anti- dzimbiri zokutira

Zovala za anti-corrosion nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi primer ndi top coat. Zoyamba mu ufa kwambiri, zochepa m'munsi zakuthupi, filimu yovuta, ntchito ya primer ndi kupanga filimu ya utoto ndi msinkhu wa udzu ndi topcoat kuphatikiza kolimba, ndiko kuti, kukhala ndi zomatira bwino; primer imakhala ndi dzimbiri zolepheretsa inki, zimatha kuteteza kuti zisawonongeke, ndipo zina zimatha kukhala zoteteza zitsulo ndi electrochemical kuteteza zitsulo kuti zisachite dzimbiri. Chovala chapamwamba chimakhala ndi ufa wochepa, zinthu zambiri zoyambira, filimuyo ikakhala yonyezimira, ntchito yayikulu ndikuteteza gawo lapansi la primer, kotero liyenera kukhala losasunthika kumlengalenga ndi chinyezi, ndipo liyenera kukana kuwonongeka kwa thupi ndi mankhwala. chifukwa cha nyengo. Zomwe zikuchitika pano ndikugwiritsa ntchito utomoni wopangira kuti azitha kupirira nyengo yapakati. Zovala zolimbana ndi dzimbiri zolimbana ndi mlengalenga nthawi zambiri zimangolimbana ndi dzimbiri la gawo la nthunzi mumlengalenga. Pamalo omwe angawonongeke ndi ma acid ndi ma alkalis ndi media zina, zopaka zokhala ndi asidi ndi alkali ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Utoto wa anti-corrosion malinga ndi ntchito yoteteza ukhoza kugawidwa kukhala primer, utoto wapakati ndi malaya apamwamba, mtundu uliwonse wa utoto uli ndi mawonekedwe ake, aliyense ali ndi udindo wake, kuphatikiza zigawo, kupanga zokutira zophatikizika. kusintha magwiridwe antchito a anti-corrosion, kutalikitsa moyo wautumiki.

4.1 zoyambira

Zovala zoyambira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi anti-corrosion ndi primer yokhala ndi zinc ndi epoxy iron-red primer, utoto wokhala ndi zinc umapangidwa ndi ufa wambiri wa zinc wokhala ndi zinc komanso zinthu zochepa zopanga filimu. Ma electrochemical a Zinc ndi apamwamba kuposa achitsulo, ndipo akagwidwa ndi dzimbiri, amakhala ndi "kudzipatulira", kotero kuti chitsulocho chitetezedwe. Zinc oxide yopangidwa ndi dzimbiri imadzaza ma pores ndikupangitsa kuti zokutira zikhale zowundana. Zoyamba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mitundu itatu iyi:

(1) galasi lamadzi lopangidwa ndi zinc wolemera primer, ndi galasi lamadzi monga maziko, kuwonjezera ufa wa zinki, kusakaniza ndi kutsuka, kuchiritsa kutsukidwa ndi madzi, ntchito yomangayi ndi yovuta, nkhanza za ndondomeko, chithandizo chapamwamba chiyenera kuperekedwa. kukhala mu Sa2.5 kapena kuposa, kuwonjezera kutentha yozungulira, chinyezi zofunika, mapangidwe ❖ kuyanika filimu n'zosavuta akulimbana, peeling, ndipo kawirikawiri ntchito.

(2) sungunuka organic nthaka wolemera poyambira, ndi zoyambira zachokera ethyl orthosilicate, mowa monga zosungunulira, pang'ono hydrolyzed polymerization, kuwonjezera nthaka ufa wosakaniza wogawana TACHIMATA filimu.

(3) zinc wolemera primer, ndi epoxy utomoni monga filimu kupanga m'munsi zinthu, kuwonjezera nthaka ufa, kuchiritsa kupanga ❖ kuyanika. Epoxy zinc wolemera primer si zabwino kwambiri anticorrosion katundu, ndi zomatira mwamphamvu, ndi ❖ kuyanika lotsatira epoxy chitsulo-mtambo utoto ndi zabwino zomatira mtundu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumlengalenga wa chitsulo chimango chachitsulo ndi zida za petrochemical zida.

Epoxy iron oxide red primer imagawidwa mu zitini ziwiri-gawo utoto, chigawo A (penti) opangidwa ndi epoxy utomoni, chitsulo okusayidi ofiira ndi zina odana ndi kutupa inki toughening wothandizila, odana ndi kumira wothandizila, etc., chigawo B ndi machiritso wothandizira, kukhazikitsidwa kwa gawo la kutumizidwa. Iron okusayidi wofiira ndi mtundu wa pigment odana ndi dzimbiri, chikhalidwe chake ndi chokhazikika, mphamvu yophimba yolimba, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono ta filimu ya utoto, imakhala ndi ntchito yabwino yotsutsa dzimbiri. Epoxy iron oxide red primer pa mbale chitsulo ndi chapamwamba wosanjikiza wa utoto epoxy ndi zomatira bwino, kudya kuyanika kutentha firiji, pamwamba wosanjikiza utoto pamwamba si magazi mtundu, ambiri ntchito mapaipi zitsulo, akasinja, zitsulo dongosolo anticorrosion ntchito. , monga maziko a dzimbiri.

4.2 utoto wosanjikiza wapakati

Penti wosanjikiza wapakati nthawi zambiri amakhala epoxy mica ndi epoxy glass scale paint kapena epoxy thick slurry paint. Utoto wa epoxy mica umapangidwa ndi epoxy resin monga zinthu zoyambira powonjezera mica iron oxide, microstructure ya mica iron oxide imakhala ngati mica flaky, makulidwe ake ndi ma micrometer ochepa, ndipo m'mimba mwake ndi ma micrometer makumi angapo mpaka ma micrometer zana. Ndi kutentha kwambiri kukana, kukana kwa alkali, kukana kwa asidi, kusakhala ndi poizoni, kapangidwe ka flake kungalepheretse kulowa kwapakati, kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito odana ndi dzimbiri, komanso kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono, kuuma pamwamba, ndi gawo labwino kwambiri lapakati la utoto wotsutsa dzimbiri. Utoto wa epoxy glass scale ndi epoxy resin monga maziko ake, ndi magalasi osasunthika monga aggregate, kuphatikizapo zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana zopangidwa ndi utoto wandiweyani wamtundu wa anticorrosion. Makulidwe a sikelo ya galasi ndi ma microns 2 mpaka 5 okha. Pamene mamba amakonzedwa m'magawo pamwamba ndi pansi pa zokutira, mawonekedwe apadera otetezera amapangidwa.

4.3 malaya apamwamba

Utoto womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pazovala zapamwamba ukhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu malinga ndi mtengo wawo:

(1) Wamba kalasi ndi epoxy utoto, chlorinated mphira utoto, chlorosulphonated polyethylene ake ndi zina zotero;

(2) Sing'anga kalasi ndi polyurethane utoto;

(3) Gulu lapamwamba ndi utoto wa silicone-modified polyurethane, silicone-modified acrylic top coat, utoto wa fluorine ndi zina zotero.

Epoxy utoto pambuyo mankhwala kuchiritsa, kukhazikika kwa mankhwala, wandiweyani ❖ kuyanika, adhesion amphamvu, mkulu makina katundu, ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi asidi, alkali, mchere, akhoza kukana zosiyanasiyana mankhwala media dzimbiri.

5. Kusankhidwa kwa utoto wa anticorrosive kuyenera kuganizira mfundo zingapo

5.1 Kuganiziridwa kuyenera kuganiziridwa ku kusasinthika kwa momwe zinthu zimagwiritsidwira ntchito komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya utoto wosankhidwa, kutengera mtundu wowononga (mtundu, kutentha ndi kuyika) gawo la gasi kapena gawo lamadzimadzi, madera otentha ndi chinyezi kapena malo owuma ndi zina. mikhalidwe yosankhidwa. Kwa sing'anga ya acidic, penti ya phenolic resin yokhala ndi kukana bwino kwa asidi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito, pomwe pakatikati ya alkaline, utoto wa epoxy resin wokhala ndi kukana bwino kwa alkali uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

5.2 Zothekera zamikhalidwe yomanga ziyenera kuganiziridwa. Zina ndizoyenera kupukuta, zina ndizoyenera kupopera mankhwala, zina ndizoyenera kuyanika kwachilengedwe kupanga filimu ndi zina zotero. Pazochitika zonse, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito utoto wouma, wosavuta kupopera wozizira.

5.3 Ganizirani kufananitsa koyenera kwa zokutira. Monga ambiri a utoto ndi organic colloidal chuma monga m'munsi, penti aliyense wosanjikiza filimu, pali mosalephera ambiri ang'onoang'ono microporous, zowononga TV mwina kudutsa kukokoloka kwa chitsulo. Choncho, yomanga utoto panopa si TACHIMATA wosanjikiza umodzi, koma TACHIMATA Mipikisano wosanjikiza, cholinga ndi kuchepetsa microporous kuti osachepera. Payenera kukhala kusinthika kwabwino pakati pa primer ndi topcoat. Monga vinyl chloride penti ndi phosphating primer kapena iron red alkyd primer yothandizira kugwiritsa ntchito zotsatira zabwino, ndipo sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mafuta opangira mafuta (monga mafuta ofiira ofiira) omwe amathandiza kugwiritsa ntchito. Chifukwa perchlorethylene utoto lili amphamvu zosungunulira, adzawononga chiyambi filimu.

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuchita ntchito yabwino mu antirust ndi anticorrosion kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha zomangamanga zitsulo, kusunga zipangizo, kuwonjezera moyo wautumiki wa nyumbayi, kuonetsetsa kuti kupanga kotetezeka komanso kuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe.