kapangidwe ka gridi ya malo amatha kugawidwa m'mitundu ndi magwiridwe antchito

Maonekedwe a gridi yamalo amatha kugawidwa mumagulu awiri osanjikiza amtundu wamtundu wa gridi, wosanjikiza umodzi komanso mawonekedwe amtundu wamagulu awiri. Ndodo za gululi wamtundu wa mbale ndi gululi wamitundu iwiri wosanjikiza zipolopolo zimagawidwa kukhala ndodo yapamwamba, ndodo yapansi ndi ndodo ya ukonde, yomwe imakhala ndi mphamvu zolimba komanso kukakamiza. Manode a gululi wamtundu umodzi wa chigoba nthawi zambiri amaganiziridwa kuti ndi olumikizidwa mwamphamvu, ndipo amayenera kuwerengedwa molingana ndi njira yamalire yolumikizira ndodo zolimba; Gululi wamtundu wamitundu iwiri wa chipolopolo ukhoza kuwerengedwa molingana ndi njira yomaliza ya dongosolo la ndodo. Gululi wamtundu umodzi komanso wawiri wamtundu wa spatial atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuti achepetse kuwerengera kwa njira yomwe akufuna.

Ndodo za gululi wamtundu umodzi wa chipolopolo, kuphatikiza kupsinjika ndi kupanikizika, zimakhalanso ndi mphindi yopindika ndi mphamvu yakumeta ubweya. Pakadali pano, ma gridi ambiri aku China amatengera mawonekedwe amtundu wa gridi. Kapangidwe ka gridi ndi mtundu wamtundu wa gridi ya danga. Zomwe zimatchedwa "mapangidwe a danga" zimagwirizana ndi "mapangidwe a ndege", ali ndi mawonekedwe a katatu. Chiyambireni kukhazikitsidwa kwa kapangidwe ka danga, idalandiridwa ndi anthu chifukwa champhamvu yake yogwira ntchito, buku labwino komanso mawonekedwe okongola komanso kumanga mwachangu komanso kosavuta. Mapangidwe a mlengalenga amathanso kuwonedwa ngati kukulitsa ndi kuzama kwa kapangidwe ka ndege. Kapangidwe ka gridi ya malo ndi dongosolo la ndodo ya danga, ndodozo zimakhala ndi mphamvu ya axial, ndipo kukula kwa gawoli ndi kochepa.

Kukonzekera kwa gridi kwakhala imodzi mwa mitundu yatsopano ya zomangamanga zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri masiku ano. Dziko lathu kuyambira m'ma 1960 linayamba kuphunzira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito, m'zaka zaposachedwa, chifukwa chakukula mwachangu kwaukadaulo wamakompyuta apakompyuta, kuti athe kuthana ndi mawonekedwe a gridi yamtundu wapamwamba kwambiri wamavuto owerengera, motsogozedwa ndi mawonekedwe a gridi mtundu wa mbali komanso ntchito zenizeni za uinjiniya, kukula kwachangu.

gridi yapamalo yomwe ikufunika nthawi yayikulu, mabwalo akulu akulu, malo owonetsera, zikhalidwe, malo ochitira mayendedwe komanso ngakhaleIndustrial Steel Structure Warehouse, onse amaona mmene danga lilili. Ubwino wa mawonekedwe a gridi yapakatikati ndi chitsulo chochepa, kukhulupirika bwino, kupanga mwachangu ndikuyika, ndipo chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mawonekedwe ovuta. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamapangidwe osiyanasiyana a span, makamaka pamawonekedwe ovuta a ndege. Izi mphambano malo ndodo ndi kuthandizana, mphamvu ndodo ndi thandizo dongosolo organic kuphatikiza, motero chuma chuma.

Gululi la malo amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'nyumba zazikulu komanso zapakati, monga Steel Structure Stadium,Airport Steel Structures, zibonga,Nyumba Zowonetsera Zitsulo ZachitsulondiZomangamanga za Sitima ya Sitima ya Sitima, etc., ndi mafakitale ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati ayambanso kufalitsa ntchito. Kukula kwautali, kukwezeka komanso zachuma za dongosololi ndizofunika kwambiri. malo gululi dongosolo mbale-mtundu gululi gululi amagawidwa m'magulu atatu malinga ndi mawonekedwe ake: gulu loyamba limapangidwa ndi dongosolo la ndege, pali mitundu inayi ya grid orthogonal orthodromic spatial grid, njira ziwiri orthodromic diagonal spatial. gululi, njira ziwiri diagonal diagonal spatial grid ndi njira zitatu za malo; gulu lachiwiri lili ndi ma quadrangular cone unit, pali mitundu isanu ya gridi yoyikidwa bwino ya quadrangular cone spatial, yoyikidwa bwino yothamangitsidwa ya quadrangular cone spatial grid, yoyikidwa mwadiagonal quadrangular cone spatial grid, tessellating board quadrangular cone spatial grid ndi nyenyezi quadrangular cone yachitatu gulu tichipeza triangular chulucho unit, pali triangular chulucho malo gululi, kupopera katatu chulucho malo gululi ndi zisa triangular chulucho malo gululi mitundu itatu. Mapangidwe a gridi yamtundu wa zipolopolo molingana ndi mawonekedwe a chipolopolo amakhala ndi gridi yozungulira yamtundu wa chipolopolo, gululi wamtundu wozungulira wamtundu wa zipolopolo komanso gululi wamtundu wamtundu wa chipolopolo wa hyperbolic. kapangidwe ka gululi molingana ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu gridi yazitsulo, gululi yolimba ya konkriti ndi chitsulo ndi konkriti yolimba yopangidwa ndi gululi wapamalo, pomwe gululi lachitsulo limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

Malinga ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, mawonekedwe a gridi yamalo amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri osanjikiza amtundu wa gululi, wosanjikiza umodzi komanso mawonekedwe amtundu wamagulu awiri. Ndodo za gululi wamtundu wa mbale ndi gululi wamitundu iwiri wosanjikiza zipolopolo zimagawidwa kukhala ndodo yapamwamba, ndodo yapansi ndi ndodo ya ukonde, zomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kupsinjika ndi kukakamizidwa; ndodo za gululi wamtundu umodzi wa chipolopolo zimatha kupindika ndi kumeta ubweya kuwonjezera pa kupsinjika ndi kukakamizidwa. Pakadali pano, ma gridi ambiri aku China amatengera mawonekedwe amtundu wa grid.

Malinga ndi ntchito yeniyeni: kapangidwe kazitsulo ndi malo opangidwa ndi ndodo zambiri zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi node malinga ndi mawonekedwe a gridi. Lili ndi ubwino wa mphamvu ya danga, kulemera kopepuka, kulimba kwakukulu, kuchita bwino kwa chivomezi, etc. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati denga la malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi, zisudzo, holo yowonetsera, holo yodikirira, denga lalikulu la masewera, hangar, mauna awiri akuluakulu. chimango chochokera ku msonkhano ndi nyumba zina.

Gululi wapamalo ali ndi mawonekedwe a kulemera kwapang'onopang'ono, kulimba kwakukulu, kusasunthika kwabwino konse, kuthekera kosinthika kolimba, ndi zina zambiri, ndipo kufunikira kwa gululi wapakatikati kukukulirakulira pakali pano. Mapangidwe a denga amapangidwa ndi chitsulo chozizira chopangidwa ndi zitsulo zopyapyala, ndipo chigoba chachitsulo chimapangidwa ndi pepala lamphamvu kwambiri lamphamvu lamphamvu lozizira kwambiri, lomwe limapewa mphamvu ya dzimbiri ndi dzimbiri. njira yomanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito, ndikuwonjezera moyo wautumiki wa zigawo zopepuka zachitsulo. Moyo wa zomangamanga ukhoza kukhala zaka 100.

The matenthedwe kutchinjiriza zakuthupi ntchito kamangidwe zitsulo malo gululi makamaka fiberglass ubweya, amene ali ndi mphamvu kutchinjiriza matenthedwe kwenikweni, ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati matenthedwe kutchinjiriza bolodi kunja khoma kuti bwino kupewa chodabwitsa cha "ozizira mlatho" ndi kukwaniritsa bwino matenthedwe kutchinjiriza zotsatira . Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu bolodi lotenthetsera kutentha kwa khoma lakunja, lomwe lingapeweretu zochitika za "mlatho wozizira" wa khoma, ndikukwaniritsa bwino kutentha kwa kutentha. 100mm wandiweyani R15 thonje yotentha yotentha imatha kukhala yofanana ndi mtengo wokana kukana kwa khoma la njerwa la 1m. Kusonkhanitsa kwa gulu la grid nthawi zambiri kumachitika pamalowo. Asanachoke fakitale kwa bawuti mpira mfundo mauna chimango ayenera kukhala chisanadze msonkhano, kuti aone mbali kukula ndi kupatuka. kusonkhana gululi okhudza malo ayenera kukhala molingana ndi kumanga ndi kukhazikitsa njira, kugwiritsa ntchito ma strip msonkhano, kusonkhana mofulumira kapena msonkhano wonse. kusonkhana gululi ozungulira ayenera kuchitidwa pa lathyathyathya olimba nsanja. Pakuti kuwotcherera dzenje mpira mfundo za mauna chimango kusonkhana, dongosolo kusonkhanitsa ayenera molondola anasankha kuchepetsa kuwotcherera mapindikidwe ndi kuwotcherera kupsyinjika, malinga ndi zinachitikira ntchito zambiri zapakhomo, dongosolo kusonkhana ndi kuwotcherera ayenera kukhala kuyambira pakati mpaka mbali ziwiri kapena mozungulira, ndipo ndi bwino kupangidwa kuchokera pakati mpaka mbali ziwiri, chifukwa chimana chimapangidwa momasuka pa mbali ziwiri ndi kutsogolo pamene kukumana kutsogolo. Pambuyo kuwotcherera internode imodzi, zitsulo kapangidwe mankhwala akhoza kuyang'ana kukula ndi geometry kamodzi, kuti apatsidwe kusintha ndi kuwotcherera mu malo lotsatira kuwotcherera. Mabwalo otsekedwa ayenera kupewedwa mu msonkhano wa mafelemu a mauna. Kuwotchera m'mabwalo otsekedwa kumabweretsa zovuta zowotcherera.